IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/agr/journl/v4(613)y2017i4(613)p109-120.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Macroeconomic determinants of income inequality in India and Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Kashif MUNIR

    (University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan)

  • Maryam SULTAN

    (University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan)

Abstract

The objective of this study is to determine the macroeconomic determinants of income inequality in India and Pakistan. The study uses panel data from 1973 to 2015 and utilizes FEM model to estimate the parameter. Following general to specific methodology macroeconomic determinants of income inequality are found. The study finds the following macroeconomic variables as determinants of income inequality i.e. per capita GDP, government consumption expenditure, fertility rate, value addition by agricultural sector, per capita arable land, urban population, and globalization. Special attention must be given to reduce high fertility rate, especially in the lower class of the society.

Suggested Citation

  • Kashif MUNIR & Maryam SULTAN, 2017. "Macroeconomic determinants of income inequality in India and Pakistan," Theoretical and Applied Economics, Asociatia Generala a Economistilor din Romania / Editura Economica, vol. 0(4(613), W), pages 109-120, Winter.
    • Handle: RePEc:agr:journl:v:4(613):y:2017:i:4(613):p:109-120
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://store.ectap.ro/articole/1311.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: http://www.ectap.ro/articol.php?id=1311&rid=129
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Carlos R. Azzoni, 2001. "Economic growth and regional income inequality in Brazil," The Annals of Regional Science, Springer;Western Regional Science Association, vol. 35(1), pages 133-152.
    2. Barro, Robert J, 2000. "Inequality and Growth in a Panel of Countries," Journal of Economic Growth, Springer, vol. 5(1), pages 5-32, March.
    3. Dirk Te Velde & Oliver Morrissey, 2004. "Foreign Direct Investment, Skills And Wage Inequality In East Asia," Journal of the Asia Pacific Economy, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 9(3), pages 348-369.
    4. Bussmann, Margit & de Soysa, Indra & Oneal, John R., 2002. "The Effect Of Foreign Investment On Economic Development And Income Inequality," Discussion Papers 18718, University of Bonn, Center for Development Research (ZEF).
    5. Eleftherios Thalassinos & Erginbay Ugurlu & Yusuf Muratoglu, 2012. "Income Inequality and Inflation in the EU," European Research Studies Journal, European Research Studies Journal, vol. 0(1), pages 127-140.
    6. Herzer, Dierk & Nunnenkamp, Peter, 2011. "FDI and income inequality: Evidence from Europe," Kiel Working Papers 1675, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    7. Meschi, Elena & Vivarelli, Marco, 2007. "Globalization and Income Inequality," IZA Discussion Papers 2958, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    8. Daniel R. Feenberg & James M. Poterba, 1993. "Income Inequality and the Incomes of Very High-Income Taxpayers: Evidence from Tax Returns," NBER Chapters, in: Tax Policy and the Economy, Volume 7, pages 145-177, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Marinko Škare & Saša Stjepanovic, 2014. "Income Distribution Determinants and Inequality – International Comparison," The AMFITEATRU ECONOMIC journal, Academy of Economic Studies - Bucharest, Romania, vol. 16(37), pages 980-980, August.
    10. Changkyu Choi, 2006. "Does foreign direct investment affect domestic income inequality?," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 13(12), pages 811-814.
    11. Bourguignon, Francois & Morrisson, Christian, 1998. "Inequality and development: the role of dualism," Journal of Development Economics, Elsevier, vol. 57(2), pages 233-257.
    12. Kristin J. Forbes, 2000. "A Reassessment of the Relationship between Inequality and Growth," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 90(4), pages 869-887, September.
    13. Herzer, Dierk & Nunnenkamp, Peter, 2012. "The effect of foreign aid on income inequality: Evidence from panel cointegration," Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, Elsevier, vol. 23(3), pages 245-255.
    14. Muhammad, Shahbaz & Faridul, Islam & Muhammad Sabihuddin, Butt, 2011. "Devaluation and income inequality: Evidence from Pakistan," MPRA Paper 35522, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 21 Dec 2011.
    15. Martin Rama & Pradeep K. Mitra & Tara Béteille & John Lincoln Newman & Yue Li, 2015. "Addressing Inequality in South Asia," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 20395.
    16. H. Naci Mocan, 1999. "Structural Unemployment, Cyclical Unemployment, and Income Inequality," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 81(1), pages 122-134, February.
    17. M.O. Odedokun & Jeffery Round, 2004. "Determinants of Income Inequality and its Effects on Economic Growth: Evidence from African Countries," African Development Review, African Development Bank, vol. 16(2), pages 287-327.
    18. Chaudhuri, Shubham & Ravallion, Martin, 2006. "Partially awakened giants : uneven growth in China and India," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4069, The World Bank.
    19. Muhammad Arshad Khan, 2008. "Financial Development and Economic Growth in Pakistan," South Asia Economic Journal, Institute of Policy Studies of Sri Lanka, vol. 9(2), pages 375-391, September.
    20. Bergh, Andreas & Nilsson, Therese, 2010. "Do liberalization and globalization increase income inequality?," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 26(4), pages 488-505, December.
    21. Cowell, Frank A, 1988. "Inequality Decomposition: Three Bad Measures," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(4), pages 309-312, October.
    22. Shorrocks, A F, 1982. "Inequality Decomposition by Factor Components," Econometrica, Econometric Society, vol. 50(1), pages 193-211, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Muhammad Farhan Riaz & Ayesha Ikram & Maria Faiq Javaid & Ambreen Sarwar, 2024. "A Comparative Analysis of Income Inequality between Punjab and Balochistan, Pakistan," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 13(2), pages 232-242.
    2. Topcu, Mert & Tugcu, Can Tansel, 2020. "The impact of renewable energy consumption on income inequality: Evidence from developed countries," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 151(C), pages 1134-1140.
    3. Muhammad Shahid Hassan & Haider Mahmood & Muhammad Ibrahim Saeed & Tarek Tawfik Yousef Alkhateeb & Noman Arshed & Doaa H. I. Mahmoud, 2021. "Investment Portfolio, Democratic Accountability, Poverty and Income Inequality Nexus in Pakistan: A Way to Social Sustainability," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-16, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. En‐Ze Wang & Chien‐Chiang Lee, 2023. "Foreign direct investment, income inequality and country risk," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(3), pages 2415-2435, July.
    2. Jorge Rojas-Vallejos & Stephen J. Turnovsky, 2017. "Tariff Reduction and Income Inequality: Some Empirical Evidence," Open Economies Review, Springer, vol. 28(4), pages 603-631, September.
    3. John C. Anyanwu, 2016. "Empirical Analysis of the Main Drivers of Income Inequality in Southern Africa," Annals of Economics and Finance, Society for AEF, vol. 17(2), pages 337-364, November.
    4. Matthew Odedokun & Jeffery I. Round, 2001. "Determinants of Income Inequality and its Effects on Economic Growth: Evidence from African Countries," WIDER Working Paper Series DP2001-103, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    5. Dierk Herzer & Philipp Hühne & Peter Nunnenkamp, 2014. "FDI and Income Inequality—Evidence from Latin American Economies," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(4), pages 778-793, November.
    6. Wan, Guanghua & Lu, Ming & Chen, Zhao, 2006. "The inequality-growth nexus in the short and long run: Empirical evidence from China," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 654-667, December.
    7. Jalil, Abdul, 2012. "Modeling income inequality and openness in the framework of Kuznets curve: New evidence from China," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 29(2), pages 309-315.
    8. Sochirca, Elena & Afonso, Óscar & Silva, Sandra Tavares & Neves, Pedro Cunha, 2016. "Effects of political rivalry on public investments in education and income inequality," Journal of Policy Modeling, Elsevier, vol. 38(2), pages 372-396.
    9. Uma Rani & Jaya Krishnakumar & Maurizio Bigotta, 2017. "Accounting for income inequality: empirical evidence from India," Indian Economic Review, Springer, vol. 52(1), pages 193-229, December.
    10. Facchini, François & Jaeck, Louis & Kratou, Hajer, 2024. "The growth-inequality debate revisited by rent-seeking theory: Some empirical evidence," European Journal of Political Economy, Elsevier, vol. 84(C).
    11. Mark V. JANIKAS & Sergio J. REY, 2008. "On The Relationships Between Spatial Clustering, Inequality, And Economic Growth In The United States : 1969-2000," Region et Developpement, Region et Developpement, LEAD, Universite du Sud - Toulon Var, vol. 27, pages 13-34.
    12. Hrushikesh Mallick & Mantu Kumar Mahalik & Hemachandra Padhan, 2020. "Does globalization exacerbate income inequality in two largest emerging economies? The role of FDI and remittances inflows," International Review of Economics, Springer;Happiness Economics and Interpersonal Relations (HEIRS), vol. 67(4), pages 443-480, December.
    13. Ruijia Wu & Rafael Alvarado & Priscila Méndez & Brayan Tillaguango, 2024. "Impact of Informational and Cultural Globalization, R&D, and Urbanization on Inequality," Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Springer;Portland International Center for Management of Engineering and Technology (PICMET), vol. 15(1), pages 1666-1702, March.
    14. Laura Policardo & Lionello F. Punzo & Edgar J. Sánchez Carrera, 2016. "Brazil and China: Two Routes of Economic Development?," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(3), pages 651-669, August.
    15. Gravina, Antonio Francesco & Lanzafame, Matteo, 2021. "Finance, globalisation, technology and inequality: Do nonlinearities matter?," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 96-110.
    16. Yongzheng Liu, 2017. "Internet and income inequality: A research note," Economics Bulletin, AccessEcon, vol. 37(4), pages 2846-2853.
    17. Abdul Rahim Ridzuan & Shahsuzan Zakaria & Bayu Arie Fianto & Nora Yusma Mohamed Yusoff & Nor Fatimah Che Sulaiman & Mohamad Idham Md Razak & Siswantini Siswantini & Arsiyanti Lestari, 2021. "Nexus between Financial Development and Income Inequality before Pandemic Covid-19: Does Financial Kuznets Curve Exist in Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand and Philippines?," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(2), pages 260-271.
    18. Chi-Chuan Lee & Chien-Chiang Lee, 2018. "The Impact of Country Risk on Income Inequality: A Multilevel Analysis," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 136(1), pages 139-162, February.
    19. Neves, Pedro Cunha & Afonso, Óscar & Silva, Sandra Tavares, 2016. "A Meta-Analytic Reassessment of the Effects of Inequality on Growth," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 386-400.
    20. Batuo E. Michael & George Kararach & Issam Malki, 2021. "Working Paper 353 - Inequality and the role of macroeconomic and institutional forces in Africa," Working Paper Series 2479, African Development Bank.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:agr:journl:v:4(613):y:2017:i:4(613):p:109-120. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Mircea Dinu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/agerrea.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.