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Technological Modifications in the Nitrogen Oxides Tradable Permit Program

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  • Joshua Linn

Abstract

Tradable permit programs allow firms greater flexibility in reducing emissions than command-and-control regulations and encourage firms to use low cost abatement options, including small-scale modifications to capital equipment. This paper shows that firms have extensively modified capital equipment in the Nitrogen Oxides Budget Trading Program, which covers power plants in the eastern United States. The empirical strategy uses geographic and temporal features of the program to estimate counterfactual emissions, finding that modifications have reduced emission rates by approximately 10-15 percent. The modifications would not have occurred under command-and-control regulation and have reduced regulatory costs.

Suggested Citation

  • Joshua Linn, 2008. "Technological Modifications in the Nitrogen Oxides Tradable Permit Program," The Energy Journal, International Association for Energy Economics, vol. 0(Number 3), pages 153-176.
    • Handle: RePEc:aen:journl:2008v29-03-a08
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    Cited by:

    1. Linn, Joshua, 2010. "The effect of cap-and-trade programs on firms' profits: Evidence from the Nitrogen Oxides Budget Trading Program," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 59(1), pages 1-14, January.
    2. Agarwal, Sumit & Deng, Yongheng & Li, Teng, 2019. "Environmental regulation as a double-edged sword for housing markets: Evidence from the NOx Budget Trading Program," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 286-309.
    3. Meredith Fowlie & Nicholas Muller, 2019. "Market-Based Emissions Regulation When Damages Vary across Sources: What Are the Gains from Differentiation?," Journal of the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, University of Chicago Press, vol. 6(3), pages 593-632.
    4. Joseph E. Aldy & Maximilian Auffhammer & Maureen Cropper & Arthur Fraas & Richard Morgenstern, 2022. "Looking Back at 50 Years of the Clean Air Act," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 60(1), pages 179-232, March.
    5. Zhang, Weijie & Yu, Yanni & Liu, Qingjun, 2024. "Is single or synergistic environmental permit trading system more effective? A study based on Chinese industry," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    6. Joseph Aldy & Matthew J. Kotchen & Mary Evans & Meredith Fowlie & Arik Levinson & Karen Palmer, 2021. "Cobenefits and Regulatory Impact Analysis: Theory and Evidence from Federal Air Quality Regulations," Environmental and Energy Policy and the Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 2(1), pages 117-156.
    7. Bialek, Sylwia & Gregory, Jack & Revesz, Richard L., 2022. "Still your grandfather's boiler: Estimating the effects of the Clean Air Act's grandfathering provisions," Working Papers 05/2022, German Council of Economic Experts / Sachverständigenrat zur Begutachtung der gesamtwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung.
    8. E. Mark Curtis, 2014. "Who Loses Under Power Plant Cap-and-Trade Programs?," NBER Working Papers 20808, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    9. Lange, Ian & Maniloff, Peter, 2021. "Updating allowance allocations in cap-and-trade: Evidence from the NOx Budget Program," Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, Elsevier, vol. 105(C).
    10. Galloway, Emily & Johnson, Erik Paul, 2016. "Teaching an old dog new tricks: Firm learning from environmental regulation," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1-10.
    11. Aldy, Joseph E. & Auffhammer, Maximillian & Cropper, Maureen L. & Fraas, Arthur G. & Morgenstern, Richard D., 2020. "Looking Back at Fifty Years of the Clean Air Act," RFF Working Paper Series 20-01, Resources for the Future.
    12. Linn, Joshua & Holt, Christopher, 2023. "Targeted Regulation for Reducing High-Ozone Events," RFF Working Paper Series 23-02, Resources for the Future.
    13. Burtraw, Dallas & Szambelan, Sarah Jo, 2009. "U.S. Emissions Trading Markets for SO2 and NOx," RFF Working Paper Series dp-09-40, Resources for the Future.
    14. Bonilla, Jorge & Coria, Jessica & Mohlin, Kristina & Sterner, Thomas, 2014. "Diffusion of NOx abatement technologies in Sweden," Working Papers in Economics 585, University of Gothenburg, Department of Economics.
    15. Bonilla, Jorge & Coria, Jessica & Mohlin, Kristina & Sterner, Thomas, 2015. "Refunded emission payments and diffusion of NOx abatement technologies in Sweden," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 132-145.
    16. Jorge Bonilla & Jessica Coria & Thomas Sterner, 2018. "Technical Synergies and Trade-Offs Between Abatement of Global and Local Air Pollution," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 70(1), pages 191-221, May.
    17. Fraas, Arthur G. & Kopits, Elizabeth & Wolverton, Ann, 2021. "A Retrospective Review of Retrospective Cost Analyses," RFF Working Paper Series 21-29, Resources for the Future.
    18. Castillo, Anya & Linn, Joshua, 2011. "Incentives of carbon dioxide regulation for investment in low-carbon electricity technologies in Texas," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 1831-1844, March.

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    JEL classification:

    • F0 - International Economics - - General

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