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Stability and Bayesian Consistency in Two-Sided Markets

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  • Qingmin Liu

Abstract

We propose a criterion of stability for two-sided markets with asymmetric information. A central idea is to formulate off-path beliefs conditional on counterfactual pairwise deviations and on-path beliefs in the absence of such deviations. A matching-belief configuration is stable if the matching is individually rational with respect to the system of on-path beliefs and is not blocked with respect to the system of off-path beliefs. The formulation provides a language for assessing matching outcomes with respect to their supporting beliefs and opens the door to further belief-based refinements. The main refinement analyzed in the paper requires the Bayesian consistency of on-path and off-path beliefs with prior beliefs. We define concepts of Bayesian efficiency, the rational expectations competitive equilibrium, and the core. Their contrast with pairwise stability manifests the role of information asymmetry in matching formation.

Suggested Citation

  • Qingmin Liu, 2020. "Stability and Bayesian Consistency in Two-Sided Markets," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 110(8), pages 2625-2666, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:aea:aecrev:v:110:y:2020:i:8:p:2625-66
    DOI: 10.1257/aer.20181186
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Paul S. Koh, 2022. "Stable Outcomes and Information in Games: An Empirical Framework," Papers 2205.04990, arXiv.org, revised May 2023.
    2. Pomatto, Luciano, 2022. "Stable matching under forward-induction reasoning," Theoretical Economics, Econometric Society, vol. 17(4), November.
    3. Shi, Fanqi, 2021. "Stability in sequential matching with incomplete information," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 492-502.
    4. Ziwei Wang & Jiabin Wu, 2023. "Partner Choice and Morality: Preference Evolution under Stable Matching," Papers 2304.11504, arXiv.org, revised Oct 2023.
    5. Kamishiro, Yusuke & Vohra, Rajiv & Serrano, Roberto, 2023. "Signaling, screening, and core stability," Journal of Economic Theory, Elsevier, vol. 213(C).
    6. Marcelo Ariel Fernandez & Kirill Rudov & Leeat Yariv, 2022. "Centralized Matching with Incomplete Information," American Economic Review: Insights, American Economic Association, vol. 4(1), pages 18-33, March.
    7. Peralta, Esteban, 2024. "Not all is lost: Sorting and self-stabilizing sets," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 51-58.
    8. Maxey, Tyler, 2024. "School choice with costly information acquisition," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 248-268.
    9. Agranov Agranov & Ahrash Dianat & Larry Samuelson & Leeat Yariv, 2021. "Paying to Match: Decentralized Markets with Information Frictions," Working Papers 273, Princeton University, Department of Economics, Center for Economic Policy Studies..
    10. Koh, Paul S., 2023. "Stable outcomes and information in games: An empirical framework," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 237(1).
    11. Chen, Yi-Chun & Hu, Gaoji, 2024. "Bayesian stable states," Games and Economic Behavior, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 102-116.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • C78 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Game Theory and Bargaining Theory - - - Bargaining Theory; Matching Theory
    • D40 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - General
    • D82 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Asymmetric and Private Information; Mechanism Design
    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness

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