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Fiscal Policy and Deficit Financing: Islamic Perspectives السياسة المالية وتمويل العجز: وجهات نظر إسلامية

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  • Habib Ahmed

    (Professor and Sharjah Chair in Islamic Law and Finance Durham University Business School, United Kingdom)

Abstract

Using deficit financing by increasing borrowing at lower interest rates has the potential to increase debt to levels that are not sustainable and can create further economic problems in the longer term. To understand the Islamic perspective on deficit financing, two features of government spending need to be recognized. First, government spending can be distinguished as current and capital expenditures. Second, the objectives of fiscal policy and government spending can be viewed as redistribution of income, expenditures to provide government services, provision of public goods that markets fail to provide, and providing infrastructure that enhance the productive capacities in the economies. While current spending should be covered by zakāh (distributive role) and taxes (providing government services and public goods), capital expenditures on infrastructure can be funded by issuing ṣukūk. During recessions, the government can use counter-cyclical spending of zakāh and tax revenues to increase current spending and issue ṣukūk to raise funds for investments to enlarge capital expenditures in infrastructure projects. This approach of moving the economy out of recession puts a limit on excessive debt by linking the funds raised with the real economy and helps increase the productive capacity in the longer term by filling the infrastructure gaps. إن التمويل بالعجز عن طريق زيادة الاقتراض بأسعار فائدة منخفضة قد تؤدي إلى زيادة الديون إلى مستويات غير مستدامة ويمكن أن يسبب في زيادة المشاكل الاقتصادية على المدى الطويل. لفهم المنظور الإسلامي حول تمويل العجز، نحتاج أن نتعرف على ملامح الإنفاق الحكومي. أولاً، يمكن تقسيم الإنفاق الحكومي إلى نفقات حالية ورأسمالية. ثانيًا، فإن أهداف السياسة المالية والإنفاق الحكومي هي إعادة توزيع الدخل، وتوفير الخدمات الحكومية، وتوفير السلع العامة التي تفشل الأسواق الحرة في توفيرها، وتوفير البنية التحتية التي تعزز القدرات الإنتاجية في الاقتصادات. أما بالنسبة للإنفاق الحالي فينبغي تغطيته من خلال الزكاة (دور التوزيع) والضرائب (توفير الخدمات الحكومية والسلع العامة)، في حين ينبغي تمويل النفقات الرأسمالية على البنية التحتية عن طريق إصدار صكوك. خلال فترات الركود، يمكن للحكومة أن تستخدم الإنفاق المعاكس للدورات الاقتصادية من الزكاة والإيرادات الضريبية لزيادة الإنفاق الحالي وإصدار صكوك لجمع الأموال للاستثمارات لتوسيع النفقات الرأسمالية في مشاريع البنية التحتية. هذا المنهج في إخراج الاقتصاد من الركود يضع حدًا للديون المفرطة من خلال ربط الأموال التي يتم جمعها بالاقتصاد الحقيقي ويساعد على زيادة القدرة الإنتاجية على المدى الطويل من خلال سد ثغرات البنية التحتية.

Suggested Citation

  • Habib Ahmed, 2019. "Fiscal Policy and Deficit Financing: Islamic Perspectives السياسة المالية وتمويل العجز: وجهات نظر إسلامية," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 32(1), pages 79-85, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:32:y:2019:i:1:no:5:p:79-85
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.32-1.5
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Diaw, Abdou & Bacha, Obiyathulla Ismath & Lahsasna, Ahcene, 2011. "Public Sector Funding and Debt Management: A Case for GDP-Linked Sukuk," MPRA Paper 46008, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2011.
    2. Mohammed B. Yusoff, 2006. "Fiscal Policy In An Islamic Economy And The Role Of Zakat," IIUM Journal of Economics and Management, IIUM Journal of Economis and Management, vol. 14(2), pages 117-146, December.
    3. F.R. Faridi, 1983. "Theory of Fiscal Policy in an Islamic State نظرية السياسة المالية في الدولة الإسلامية," Journal of Research in Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 1(1), pages 15-30, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Fiscal policy; Deficit financing; Zakāh; Ṣukūk. السياسة المالية، تمويل العجز، الزكاة، صكوك.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • Z12 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Religion

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