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Profit-Loss Sharing Contract Formation Under Zero Interest Financial System عقد المشاركة من الأرباح والخسائر في ظل نظام مالي بدون ربا

Author

Listed:
  • Shafi A. Khaled

    (Professor, Metropolitan State University, Minnesota)

  • A. Wahhab Khandker

    (Professor of Economics, University of Wisconsin La-Crosse)

Abstract

For financing businesses under a Zero Interest Financial System the primary desired mode is Profit Loss Sharing (PLS) contracts. However, the reality is different. An alternative, favored and dominant alternative is Mark-up (MU) financing. Lately, MU’s risk-sharing features and its rate determination process have come under scrutiny. Moral hazard, tax evasion, duration of financing contracts, etc., are cited as reasons for not using PLS. Perhaps failure to craft a sound PLS contract has forced a dependence on MU. Using the profit maximizing microeconomic model of a firm, we investigate a risk-neutral entrepreneur’s willingness to make a PLS contract under two different situations – first, when PLS is the only contract available and second, when both MU and PLS are available. We were able to determine not only the share rate, but how financing duration, the MU rate, risks borne by the parties, their comparative market power, negotiating aptitude and transparency affect it. في ظل نظام مالي خالٍ من الفائدة، يفترض أن يكون عقد المشاركة في الأرباح والخسائر هو العقد الأساسي للقيام بالوساطة المالية، إلا أنه من الناحية العملية الأمر على خلاف ذلك. لقد أضحى عقد المرابحة هو المفضل لدى المؤسسات التمويلية الإسلامية. إن لكلا العقدين (النظري)، والتطبيقي (المرابحة) مزايا وعيوب. فقد أثيرت تساؤلات حول مدى توافق عقد المرابحة المطبق مع أحكام الشريعة الإسلامية ومقاصدها. ومهما قد يبدو من غموض أخلاقي الذي يرافق عمليات المرابحة، فإن الفشل في صياغة عقد مناسب للمشاركة في الربح والخسارة وتطبيقه لم يترك خيارًا سوى الاعتماد على المرابحة. للأسباب المذكورة في الورقة، فإن المرجح أن تهيمن المرابحة على أرض الواقع. باستخدام نموذج تعظيم الشركة لأرباحها، تبحث الورقة رغبة رجل أعمال محايد للخطر للدخول في عقد المشاركة تحت حالتين مختلفتين: الأولى، عندما يكون عقد المشاركة هو الطريق الوحيد للتمويل؛ والثانية، عندما يكون كلاً من عقدي المرابحة، والمشاركة متاحًا كطرق للتمويل. وتناقش الورقة العوامل التي تؤثر على هذا الاختيار.

Suggested Citation

  • Shafi A. Khaled & A. Wahhab Khandker, 2015. "Profit-Loss Sharing Contract Formation Under Zero Interest Financial System عقد المشاركة من الأرباح والخسائر في ظل نظام مالي بدون ربا," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 28(2), pages 75-107, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:abd:kauiea:v:28:y:2015:i:2:no:3:p:75-107
    DOI: 10.4197/Islec.28-2.3
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Khan, Tariqullah, 1995. "Demand For And Supply Of Mark-Up And Pls Funds In Islamic Banking: Some Alternative Explanations," Islamic Economic Studies, The Islamic Research and Training Institute (IRTI), vol. 3, pages 1-46.
    2. Ahmad, Ausaf & Khan, Tariqullah & Iqbal, Munawar, 1998. "Challenges Facing Islamic Banking (Occasional Paper)," Occasional Papers 1998, The Islamic Research and Teaching Institute (IRTI).
    3. Ahmed, Habib, 2002. "A Microeconomic Model of an Islamic Bank (Research Paper)," Occasional Papers 54, The Islamic Research and Teaching Institute (IRTI).
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    Cited by:

    1. Hechem Ajmi & Salina Kassim & Hassanuddeen Abdul Aziz & Walid Mansour, 2019. "A Literature Review of Financial Contracting Theory from the Islamic and Conventional Overviews: Contributions, Gaps, and Perspectives استعراض أدبيات نظرية التعاقد المالي من المنظور الإسلامي والتقليدي," Journal of King Abdulaziz University: Islamic Economics, King Abdulaziz University, Islamic Economics Institute., vol. 32(2), pages 25-42, January.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Mark-up; Murābaḥah; Profit-Loss Sharing; Mushārakah; Zero Interest Financial System; ZIFS;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G11 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Portfolio Choice; Investment Decisions

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