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Économétrie & Machine Learning

Author

Listed:
  • Arthur Charpentier

    (CREM - Centre de recherche en économie et management - UNICAEN - Université de Caen Normandie - NU - Normandie Université - UR - Université de Rennes - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Emmanuel Flachaire

    (AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique)

  • Antoine Ly

    (UPE - Université Paris-Est)

Abstract

L'économétrie et l'apprentissage machine semblent avoir une finalité en commun: construire un modèle prédictif, pour une variable d'intérêt, à l'aide de variables explicatives (ou features). Pourtant, ces deux champs se sont développés en parallèle, créant ainsi deux cultures différentes, pour paraphraser Breiman (2001a). Le premier visait à construire des modèles probabilistes permettant de décrire des phénomèmes économiques. Le second utilise des algorithmes qui vont apprendre de leurs erreurs, dans le but, le plus souvent de classer (des sons, des images, etc). Or récemment, les modèles d'apprentissage se sont montrés plus efficaces que les techniques économétriques traditionnelles (avec comme prix à payer un moindre pouvoir explicatif), et surtout, ils arrivent à gérer des données beaucoup plus volumineuses. Dans ce contexte, il devient nécessaire que les économètres comprennent ce que sont ces deux cultures, ce qui les oppose et surtout ce qui les rapproche, afin de s'approprier des outils développés par la communauté de l'apprentissage statistique, pour les intégrer dans des modèles économétriques.

Suggested Citation

  • Arthur Charpentier & Emmanuel Flachaire & Antoine Ly, 2018. "Économétrie & Machine Learning," Working Papers hal-01568851, HAL.
  • Handle: RePEc:hal:wpaper:hal-01568851
    Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-01568851v3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Keywords

    apprentissage; données massives; modélisation; économétrie; moindres carrés;
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