IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/dls/wpaper/0330.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

El Rol de las Habilidades y las Tareas en las Brechas de Género en América Latina

Author

Listed:
  • Cristian Bonavida

    (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP)

  • Leonardo Gasparini

    (CEDLAS-IIE-FCE-UNLP & CONICET)

Abstract

En este trabajo exploramos las brechas de género en el mercado laboral en América Latina, incorporando dos factores relevantes muchas veces ignorados: las habilidades y el tipo de tarea en el trabajo. El estudio está basado en datos de la encuesta de Evaluación de Competencia en Adultos (PIAAC) de 2018, para cuatro países de América Latina. Entre los resultados del trabajo, destacamos cuatro. (1) Existen significativas brechas de género en habilidades cognitivas, que persisten y se amplifican en la edad de participación en el mercado laboral, en particular en el campo numérico. (2) Existen marcadas brechas de género en la intensidad de tareas abstractas en el empleo, que en parte están asociadas a las brechas en habilidades cognitivas. Sin embargo, las brechas en habilidades no explican totalmente la segmentación por género en el tipo de tareas, aun dentro de una misma ocupación. (3) Incluir habilidades y tareas contribuye a explicar (alrededor de 15%) las brechas salariales de género, que igualmente persisten de forma significativa. (4) Dadas las tareas que realizan en la actualidad hombres y mujeres, existe una brecha de género en el grado de amenaza al empleo derivado de las crecientes perspectivas de automatización.

Suggested Citation

  • Cristian Bonavida & Leonardo Gasparini, 2024. "El Rol de las Habilidades y las Tareas en las Brechas de Género en América Latina," CEDLAS, Working Papers 0330, CEDLAS, Universidad Nacional de La Plata.
    • Handle: RePEc:dls:wpaper:0330
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.cedlas.econo.unlp.edu.ar/wp/wp-content/uploads/doc_cedlas330.pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Claudia Goldin & Lawrence F. Katz & Ilyana Kuziemko, 2006. "The Homecoming of American College Women: The Reversal of the College Gender Gap," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 20(4), pages 133-156, Fall.
    2. Juan Pablo Atal & Hugo Nopo & Natalia Winder, 2009. "New Century, Old Disparities: Gender and Ethnic Wage Gaps in Latin America," Research Department Publications 4640, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    3. Luigi Guiso & Paola Sapienza & Luigi Zingales, 2008. "Alfred Marshall Lecture Social Capital as Good Culture," Journal of the European Economic Association, MIT Press, vol. 6(2-3), pages 295-320, 04-05.
    4. Paglin, Morton & Rufolo, Anthony M, 1990. "Heterogeneous Human Capital, Occupational Choice, and Male-Female Earnings Differences," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 8(1), pages 123-144, January.
    5. Francine D. Blau & Lawrence M. Kahn, 2017. "The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 55(3), pages 789-865, September.
    6. David H. Autor & Frank Levy & Richard J. Murnane, 2003. "The skill content of recent technological change: an empirical exploration," Proceedings, Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco, issue Nov.
    7. Luigi Guiso & Paola Sapienza & Luigi Zingales, 2007. "Social Capital as Good Culture," NBER Working Papers 13712, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    8. Maarten Goos & Alan Manning, 2007. "Lousy and Lovely Jobs: The Rising Polarization of Work in Britain," The Review of Economics and Statistics, MIT Press, vol. 89(1), pages 118-133, February.
    9. Bustelo, Monserrat & Flabbi, Luca & Viollaz, Mariana, 2019. "The Gender Labor Market Gap in the Digital Economy," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 9886, Inter-American Development Bank.
    10. Dan A. Black & Amelia M. Haviland & Seth G. Sanders & Lowell J. Taylor, 2008. "Gender Wage Disparities among the Highly Educated," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 43(3), pages 630-659.
    11. Nicole M. Fortin, 2008. "The Gender Wage Gap among Young Adults in the United States: The Importance of Money versus People," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 43(4).
    12. Barrientos, Armando, 2002. "Women, Informal Employment, and Social Protection in Latin America," General Discussion Papers 30557, University of Manchester, Institute for Development Policy and Management (IDPM).
    13. Alan S. Blinder, 1973. "Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 8(4), pages 436-455.
    14. M. Christl & Monika Köppl–Turyna, 2020. "Gender wage gap and the role of skills and tasks: evidence from the Austrian PIAAC data set," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(2), pages 113-134, January.
    15. Marchionni, Mariana & Gasparini, Leonardo & Edo, María, . "Brechas de género en América Latina. Un estado de situación," Books, CAF Development Bank Of Latinamerica, number 1401.
    16. Alexandra Spitz-Oener, 2006. "Technical Change, Job Tasks, and Rising Educational Demands: Looking outside the Wage Structure," Journal of Labor Economics, University of Chicago Press, vol. 24(2), pages 235-270, April.
    17. Juan Pablo Atal & Hugo Nopo & Natalia Winder, 2009. "New Century, Old Disparities: Gender and Ethnic Wage Gaps in Latin America," Research Department Publications 4640, Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department.
    18. Devin G. Pope & Justin R. Sydnor, 2010. "Geographic Variation in the Gender Differences in Test Scores," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 24(2), pages 95-108, Spring.
    19. Luca Marcolin & Sébastien Miroudot & Mariagrazia Squicciarini, 2019. "To be (routine) or not to be (routine), that is the question: a cross-country task-based answer†," Industrial and Corporate Change, Oxford University Press and the Associazione ICC, vol. 28(3), pages 477-501.
    20. Randall S. Brown & Marilyn Moon & Barbara S. Zoloth, 1980. "Incorporating Occupational Attainment in Studies of Male-Female Earnings Differentials," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 15(1), pages 3-28.
    21. Nollenberger, Natalia & Rodríguez-Planas, Núria, 2015. "Understanding the Math Gender Gap in Latin American Countries," Research Department working papers 824, CAF Development Bank Of Latinamerica.
    22. Marco Paccagnella, 2015. "Skills and Wage Inequality: Evidence from PIAAC," OECD Education Working Papers 114, OECD Publishing.
    23. Tognatta,Namrata Raman & Valerio,Alexandria & Sanchez Puerta,Maria Laura, 2016. "Do cognitive and noncognitive skills explain the gender wage gap in middle-income countries ? an analysis using STEP data," Policy Research Working Paper Series 7878, The World Bank.
    24. Jamin D. Speer, 2017. "Pre-Market Skills, Occupational Choice, and Career Progression," Journal of Human Resources, University of Wisconsin Press, vol. 52(1), pages 187-246.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Cristian Bonavida, 2022. "Lo que hacemos con lo que sabemos. Brechas de género en habilidades y tareas en América Latina," Asociación Argentina de Economía Política: Working Papers 4542, Asociación Argentina de Economía Política.
    2. Francine D. Blau & Lawrence M. Kahn, 2017. "The Gender Wage Gap: Extent, Trends, and Explanations," Journal of Economic Literature, American Economic Association, vol. 55(3), pages 789-865, September.
    3. Jan Cadil & Martin Kopecky & Tomas Jurcik, 2022. "Job grade camouflage: When low gender pay gap does not mean equal pay," International Journal of Economic Sciences, European Research Center, vol. 11(2), pages 28-47, November.
    4. Silvia Vannutelli & Sergio Scicchitano & Marco Biagetti, 2022. "Routine-biased technological change and wage inequality: do workers’ perceptions matter?," Eurasian Business Review, Springer;Eurasia Business and Economics Society, vol. 12(3), pages 409-450, September.
    5. Gustavo Canavire-Bacarreza & Luis C. Carvajal-Osorio, 2020. "Two Stories of Wage Dynamics in Latin America: Different Policies, Different Outcomes," Journal of Labor Research, Springer, vol. 41(1), pages 128-168, June.
    6. Gustavo Adolfo García & Diego René Gonzales Miranda & Oscar Gallo & Juan Pablo Roman Calderon, 2020. "Millennials and the gender wage gap: Do millennial women face a glass ceiling?," Documentos de Trabajo de Valor Público 18409, Universidad EAFIT.
    7. Ariell Reshef, 2013. "Is Technological Change Biased Towards the Unskilled in Services? An Empirical Investigation," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 16(2), pages 312-331, April.
    8. Rosalia Castellano & Gaetano Musella & Gennaro Punzo, 2019. "Exploring changes in the employment structure and wage inequality in Western Europe using the unconditional quantile regression," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 46(2), pages 249-304, May.
    9. Koomen, Miriam & Backes-Gellner, Uschi, 2022. "Occupational tasks and wage inequality in West Germany: A decomposition analysis," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    10. Ezgi Kaya, 2023. "Gender wage gap trends in Europe: The role of occupational skill prices," International Labour Review, International Labour Organization, vol. 162(3), pages 385-405, September.
    11. Felix Busch, 2020. "Gender Segregation, Occupational Sorting, and Growth of Wage Disparities Between Women," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(3), pages 1063-1088, June.
    12. Barbieri, Laura & Mussida, Chiara & Piva, Mariacristina & Vivarelli, Marco, 2019. "Testing the employment and skill impact of new technologies: A survey and some methodological issues," MERIT Working Papers 2019-032, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    13. Antonio Garofalo & Rosalia Castellano & Gennaro Punzo & Gaetano Musella, 2018. "Skills and labour incomes: how unequal is Italy as part of the Southern European countries?," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 52(4), pages 1471-1500, July.
    14. Christophe J Nordman & Leopold R Sarr & Smriti Sharma, 2019. "Skills, personality traits, and gender wage gaps: evidence from Bangladesh," Oxford Economic Papers, Oxford University Press, vol. 71(3), pages 687-708.
    15. Berniell, Inés & Fernández, Raquel & Krutikova, Sonya, 2023. "Gender Inequality in Latin America and the Caribbean," IDB Publications (Working Papers) 13286, Inter-American Development Bank.
    16. Adamecz-Völgyi, Anna & Shure, Nikki, 2022. "The gender gap in top jobs – The role of overconfidence," Labour Economics, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    17. Fortin, Nicole & Lemieux, Thomas & Firpo, Sergio, 2011. "Decomposition Methods in Economics," Handbook of Labor Economics, in: O. Ashenfelter & D. Card (ed.), Handbook of Labor Economics, edition 1, volume 4, chapter 1, pages 1-102, Elsevier.
    18. Tymon Słoczyński, 2020. "Average Gaps and Oaxaca–Blinder Decompositions: A Cautionary Tale about Regression Estimates of Racial Differences in Labor Market Outcomes," ILR Review, Cornell University, ILR School, vol. 73(3), pages 705-729, May.
    19. Nguyen, Ha, 2015. "The evolution of the gender test score gap through seventh grade: New insights from Australia using quantile regression and decomposition," MPRA Paper 67586, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Du Yuhong & Wei Xiahai, 2020. "Task content routinisation, technological change and labour turnover: Evidence from China," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 31(3), pages 324-346, September.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • J38 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Public Policy
    • K31 - Law and Economics - - Other Substantive Areas of Law - - - Labor Law

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:dls:wpaper:0330. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Ana Pacheco (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/funlpar.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.