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Anthropometric, Physiological, and Psychological Variables That Determine the Elite Pistol Performance of Women

Author

Listed:
  • Vahid Sobhani

    (Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran)

  • Mohammadjavad Rostamizadeh

    (Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran)

  • Seyed Morteza Hosseini

    (Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran)

  • Seyed Ebrahim Hashemi

    (Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1435916471, Iran)

  • Ignacio Refoyo Román

    (Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF—Sports Department), Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

  • Daniel Mon-López

    (Facultad de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte (INEF—Sports Department), Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain)

Abstract

Shooting is a high-precision sport that depends on many factors to achieve high performance levels. The main objective of this study was to analyze the differences in anthropometric, physiological, and psychological variables by sport level in women air-pistol shooters. Fifteen female pistol shooters, including seven elite national shooters of Iran and eight non-elite shooters, participated in this study. Analyzed variables were grouped into three sections: anthropometric, physiological, and psychological. Anthropometric variables included: height, weight, body mass index, length of leg, arm span, and proportions between variables. Physiological tests include resting heart rate, static and dynamic balance, flexibility, and upper body strength. Additionally, psychological questionnaires of SMS-6 sport motivation, TSCI trait sport-confidence and SSCI state sport-confidence, ACSI-28 athletic coping skills, and SAS sport anxiety scale were used. The Shapiro–Wilks test and independent t-test were used to analyze the data. Effect size and test reliability were calculated using Cohen’s d and Cronbach’s alpha, respectively. Our results showed that elite shooters have higher values of dynamic balance (Y-test), upper body strength (sit-ups), and intrinsic motivation, and lower resting heart rate than non-elite. However, no differences were found in the anthropometric variables, nor in anxiety or coping skills. We conclude that physiological and psychological workouts should be included in the shooters’ training programs to improve their performance.

Suggested Citation

  • Vahid Sobhani & Mohammadjavad Rostamizadeh & Seyed Morteza Hosseini & Seyed Ebrahim Hashemi & Ignacio Refoyo Román & Daniel Mon-López, 2022. "Anthropometric, Physiological, and Psychological Variables That Determine the Elite Pistol Performance of Women," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(3), pages 1-10, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jijerp:v:19:y:2022:i:3:p:1102-:d:728400
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Daniel Mon-López & Francisco Moreira da Silva & Santiago Calero Morales & Olga López-Torres & Jorge Lorenzo Calvo, 2019. "What Do Olympic Shooters Think about Physical Training Factors and Their Performance?," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 16(23), pages 1-12, November.
    2. Alexander Ahammer & Mario Lackner & Jasmin Voigt, 2019. "Does confidence enhance performance? Causal evidence from the field," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 40(6), pages 704-717, September.
    3. Daniel Mon & María S Zakynthinaki & Carlos A Cordente & Antonio J Monroy Antón & Bárbara Rodríguez Rodríguez & David López Jiménez, 2015. "Finger Flexor Force Influences Performance in Senior Male Air Pistol Olympic Shooting," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-6, June.
    4. F Rodrigues & R Macedo & DS Teixeira & L Cid & D Monteiro, 2020. "Motivation in sport and exercise: a comparison between the BRSQ and BREQ," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 1335-1350, August.
    5. Francisco Moreira da Silva & Paulo Malico Sousa & Valter Bruno Pinheiro & Olga López-Torres & Ignacio Refoyo Roman & Daniel Mon-López, 2021. "Which Are the Most Determinant Psychological Factors in Olympic Shooting Performance? A Self-Perspective from Elite Shooters," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(9), pages 1-13, April.
    6. Elisabeth Deutskens & Ko de Ruyter & Martin Wetzels & Paul Oosterveld, 2004. "Response Rate and Response Quality of Internet-Based Surveys: An Experimental Study," Marketing Letters, Springer, vol. 15(1), pages 21-36, February.
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    1. Peter C. Terry & Renée L. Parsons-Smith & Albertas Skurvydas & Aušra Lisinskienė & Daiva Majauskienė & Dovilė Valančienė & Sydney Cooper & Marc Lochbaum, 2022. "Physical Activity and Healthy Habits Influence Mood Profile Clusters in a Lithuanian Population," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-16, August.
    2. Peter C. Terry & Albertas Skurvydas & Ausra Lisinskiene & Daiva Majauskiene & Dovile Valanciene & Sydney Cooper & Marc Lochbaum, 2022. "Validation of a Lithuanian-Language Version of the Brunel Mood Scale: The BRUMS-LTU," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(8), pages 1-16, April.

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