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Causes of Rural-Urban Migration and Its Effect on Quality of Life

Author

Listed:
  • Riffat Rehman

    (The University of Lahore)

  • Muqaddas Mazhar

    (The University of Lahore)

  • Sadia Khan

    (The University of Lahore)

  • Humaira Waseem

    (The University of Lahore)

Abstract

The important theme of the current research is to investigate the causes of migration and its effect on quality of life. The main objective of the study was to see the effect of migration on household income in rural areas of Punjab-Pakistan especially in district vehari. A total of 322 sampled respondents were purposively interviewed. The study indicates that about 71% of the total respondents migrated with their families during the period (2008-2017). The study revealed that, quality of education, and employment and family conflict were observed as major causes of rural-urban migration. Due to non-parametric distribution of data Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test was used to see before and after effect of migration on household income and expenditures. To check the hypothesis regression analysis has been conducted. The Moreover, after migration the monthly income and expenditure of the respondents increased. The earning members of 66.8% of the respondents increased after migration. The joint families were scattered in to nuclear family. Before migration business were the main occupation of about 42% of the respondents while after migration most of them were engaged with private jobs and some have their own business. The education ratio of 85.3% of the respondents increased with migration. Positive changes have been observed in pre and post facilities under consideration. It is concluded from the result that education was the major cause that enhance the quality of life. It is recommended that basic facilities like education, health and creation of off-farm jobs, improved training opportunities and development programs should be provided to rural peoples. It also depicts several empirical studies conducted in different countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Riffat Rehman & Muqaddas Mazhar & Sadia Khan & Humaira Waseem, 2021. "Causes of Rural-Urban Migration and Its Effect on Quality of Life," ILMA Journal of Social Sciences & Economics (IJSSE), Ilma University, Faculty of Management Science, vol. 1(1), pages 34-48.
    • Handle: RePEc:aib:iujsse:v:1:y:2021:i:1:p:34-48
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    File URL: http://ijsse.ilmauniversity.edu.pk/arc/Vol1/pdf/3.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Muhammad Ahad, 2015. "The Determinants of International Migration in Pakistan: New Evidence from Combined Cointegration, Causality and Innovative Accounting Approach," Economic Research Guardian, Weissberg Publishing, vol. 5(2), pages 159-175, December.
    2. Félix Neto & Daniela C. Wilks & Ana Cristina Menezes Fonseca, 2019. "Job-Related Well-Being of Immigrants," Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement, Springer, vol. 141(1), pages 463-475, January.
    3. George J. Borjas, 2021. "Does Immigration Grease the Wheels of the Labor Market?," World Scientific Book Chapters, in: Foundational Essays in Immigration Economics, chapter 14, pages 431-484, World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd..
    4. László, Krisztina D. & Pikhart, Hynek & Kopp, Mária S. & Bobak, Martin & Pajak, Andrzej & Malyutina, Sofia & Salavecz, Gyöngyvér & Marmot, Michael, 2010. "Job insecurity and health: A study of 16 European countries," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 70(6), pages 867-874, March.
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