IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/r/boe/boeewp/181.html
   My bibliography  Save this item

Procyclicality and the new Basel Accord - banks' choice of loan rating system

Citations

Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
as


Cited by:

  1. Yu-Hsiu Lin & Len-Kuo Hu, 2015. "The cyclicality of bank regulation in a general economic framework," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 47(53), pages 5791-5804, November.
  2. Samu Peura & Esa Jokivuolle, 2004. "Simulation-based stress testing of banks’ regulatory capital adequacy," Finance 0405003, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  3. Pesaran, M. Hashem & Schuermann, Til & Treutler, Bjorn-Jakob & Weiner, Scott M., 2006. "Macroeconomic Dynamics and Credit Risk: A Global Perspective," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 38(5), pages 1211-1261, August.
  4. Stolz, Stéphanie & Wedow, Michael, 2005. "Banks' regulatory capital buffer and the business cycle: evidence for German savings and cooperative banks," Discussion Paper Series 2: Banking and Financial Studies 2005,07, Deutsche Bundesbank.
  5. Rafael Repullo & Javier Suarez, 2008. "The Procyclical Effects of Basel II," Working Papers wp2008_0809, CEMFI.
  6. Varotto, Simone, 2012. "Stress testing credit risk: The Great Depression scenario," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 36(12), pages 3133-3149.
  7. Ioannis N. Kallianiotis & Iordanis Petsas, 2020. "The Effectiveness of the Single Mandate of the ECB and the Dual of the Fed," Journal of Applied Finance & Banking, SCIENPRESS Ltd, vol. 10(4), pages 1-11.
  8. Andersen, Henrik, 2011. "Procyclical implications of Basel II: Can the cyclicality of capital requirements be contained?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 7(3), pages 138-154, August.
  9. Matthieu Darracq Paries, 2018. "Financial frictions and monetary policy conduct," Erudite Ph.D Dissertations, Erudite, number ph18-01 edited by Ferhat Mihoubi.
  10. Heid, Frank & Krüger, Ulrich, 2011. "Do capital buffers mitigate volatility of bank lending? A simulation study," Discussion Paper Series 2: Banking and Financial Studies 2011,03, Deutsche Bundesbank.
  11. Charles Goodhart & Pojanart Sunirand & Dimitrios Tsomocos, 2006. "A model to analyse financial fragility," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 27(1), pages 107-142, January.
  12. Petr Budinsky & Radim Valenèík, 2008. "Nash Equilibrium in Elementary System of Redistribution Calculation, Weight, Application," ACTA VSFS, University of Finance and Administration, vol. 2(1), pages 124-130.
  13. Piotr Staszkiewicz, 2013. "Czy Bazylea zmieniła kapitały?," Collegium of Economic Analysis Annals, Warsaw School of Economics, Collegium of Economic Analysis, issue 30, pages 107-120.
  14. Krainer, Robert, 2009. "Portfolio and financing adjustments for U.S. banks: Some empirical evidence," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 5(1), pages 1-24, January.
  15. Charles Goodhart & Pojanart Sunirand & Dimitrios Tsomocos, 2006. "A Time Series Analysis of Financial Fragility in the UK Banking System," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 1-21, January.
  16. Filip Novotný, 2008. "The Exchange Rate Adjustment Role in Imperfect Competition: the Case of the Czech Republic," ACTA VSFS, University of Finance and Administration, vol. 2(1), pages 38-55.
  17. Salvador, Carlos & Pastor, Jose Manuel & Fernández de Guevara, Juan, 2014. "Impact of the subprime crisis on bank ratings: The effect of the hardening of rating policies and worsening of solvency," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 11(C), pages 13-31.
  18. David Martinez-Miera & Rafael Repullo, 2019. "Monetary Policy, Macroprudential Policy, and Financial Stability," Annual Review of Economics, Annual Reviews, vol. 11(1), pages 809-832, August.
  19. Maarten R.C. Van Oordt, 2023. "Calibrating the Magnitude of the Countercyclical Capital Buffer Using Market‐Based Stress Tests," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 55(2-3), pages 465-501, March.
  20. Roman Horvath, 2008. "Monetary Policy Stance and Future Inflation: The Case of Czech Republic," ACTA VSFS, University of Finance and Administration, vol. 2(1), pages 80-106.
  21. Pederzoli, Chiara & Torricelli, Costanza, 2005. "Capital requirements and business cycle regimes: Forward-looking modelling of default probabilities," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 29(12), pages 3121-3140, December.
  22. Markus Behn & Rainer Haselmann & Paul Wachtel, 2016. "Procyclical Capital Regulation and Lending," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 71(2), pages 919-956, April.
  23. Jacob A. Bikker & Paul A. J. Metzemakers, 2007. "Is Bank Capital Procyclical? A Cross-Country Analysis," Credit and Capital Markets, Credit and Capital Markets, vol. 40(2), pages 225-264.
  24. Petr JAKUBÍK, 2007. "Macroeconomic Environment and Credit Risk (in English)," Czech Journal of Economics and Finance (Finance a uver), Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, vol. 57(1-2), pages 60-78, March.
  25. Tsomocos, Dimitrios P., 2003. "Equilibrium analysis, banking, contagion and financial fragility," LSE Research Online Documents on Economics 24826, London School of Economics and Political Science, LSE Library.
  26. Benjamin Tabak & Daniel Cajueiro & Dimas Fazio, 2013. "Financial fragility in a general equilibrium model: the Brazilian case," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 9(3), pages 519-541, August.
  27. Adam Gersl, 2008. "Three Indirect Effects of Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from the Czech Republic," ACTA VSFS, University of Finance and Administration, vol. 2(1), pages 15-37.
  28. Beltratti, Andrea & Paladino, Giovanna, 2013. "Why do banks optimize risk weights? The relevance of the cost of equity capital," MPRA Paper 46410, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  29. Banerjee, Sreejata & Velamuri, Malathi, 2015. "The conundrum of profitability versus soundness for banks by ownership type: Evidence from the Indian banking sector," Review of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(C), pages 12-24.
  30. Garcia-Barragan, Fernando & Liu, Guangling, 2018. "Welfare analysis of bank capital requirements with endogenous default," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 15-29.
  31. David VanHoose, 2006. "Bank Behavior Under Capital Regulation: What Does The Academic Literature Tell Us?," NFI Working Papers 2006-WP-04, Indiana State University, Scott College of Business, Networks Financial Institute.
  32. Lea Zicchino, 2006. "A Model Of Bank Capital, Lending And The Macroeconomy: Basel I Versus Basel Ii," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 74(s1), pages 50-77, September.
  33. Goodhart, Charles A. E. & Sunirand, Pojanart & Tsomocos, Dimitrios P., 2004. "A model to analyse financial fragility: applications," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 1(1), pages 1-30, September.
  34. Mohsin S. Khan, 2002. "New Issues in Bank Regulation," The Pakistan Development Review, Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, vol. 41(4), pages 333-356.
  35. Charles A.E. Goodhart & Pojanart Sunirand & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2005. "A risk assessment model for banks," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 1(2), pages 197-224, September.
  36. Mark Illing & Graydon Paulin, 2004. "The New Basel Capital Accord and the Cyclical Behaviour of Bank Capital," Staff Working Papers 04-30, Bank of Canada.
  37. Rafael Repullo & Javier Suarez, 2013. "The Procyclical Effects of Bank Capital Regulation," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 26(2), pages 452-490.
  38. Maximilian J.B. Hall, 2004. "Basel II: panacea or a missed opportunity?," BNL Quarterly Review, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, vol. 57(230), pages 215-264.
  39. Kox, Henk L.M. & Leeuwen, George van, 2012. "Dynamic market selection in EU business services," MPRA Paper 41016, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  40. Jesús Saurina & Carlos Trucharte, 2007. "An Assessment of Basel II Procyclicality in Mortgage Portfolios," Journal of Financial Services Research, Springer;Western Finance Association, vol. 32(1), pages 81-101, October.
  41. Ines Drumond & José Jorge, 2009. "Basel II Capital Requirements, Firms' Heterogeneity, and the Business Cycle," FEP Working Papers 307, Universidade do Porto, Faculdade de Economia do Porto.
  42. Petr Jakubík, 2006. "Does Credit Risk Vary with Economic Cycles? The Case of Finland," Working Papers IES 2006/11, Charles University Prague, Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute of Economic Studies, revised Apr 2006.
  43. Drehmann, Mathias & Sorensen, Steffen & Stringa, Marco, 2010. "The integrated impact of credit and interest rate risk on banks: A dynamic framework and stress testing application," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 713-729, April.
  44. Stefano Olgiati & Alessandro Danovi, 2013. "Contraction or steady state? An analysis of credit risk management in Italy in the period 2008-2012," Papers 1307.2465, arXiv.org.
  45. Haibin Zhu, 2007. "Capital regulation and banks' financial decisions," BIS Working Papers 232, Bank for International Settlements.
  46. Minh Phi, Nguyet Thi & Hong Hoang, Hanh Thi & Taghizadeh-Hesary, Farhad & Yoshino, Naoyuki, 2019. "The Basel Capital Requirement, Lending Interest Rate, and Aggregate Economic Growth: An Empirical Study of Viet Nam," ADBI Working Papers 916, Asian Development Bank Institute.
  47. Martin Berka & Christian Zimmermann, 2018. "The Basel Accord and Financial Intermediation: The Impact of Policy," Review, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, vol. 100(2), pages 171-200.
  48. L. J. Basson & Gary van Vuuren, 2023. "Through-the-cycle to Point-in-time Probabilities of Default Conversion: Inconsistencies in the Vasicek Approach," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 13(6), pages 42-52, November.
  49. Rodríguez Dupuy, Analía, 2007. "Loan portfolio loss distribution: Basel II unifactorial approach vs. Non parametric estimations," MPRA Paper 10697, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  50. David VanHoose, 2008. "Bank Capital Regulation, Economic Stability, and Monetary Policy: What Does the Academic Literature Tell Us?," Atlantic Economic Journal, Springer;International Atlantic Economic Society, vol. 36(1), pages 1-14, March.
  51. Olivier Bruno & Alexandra Girod, 2013. "Procyclicality and Bank Portfolio Risk Level Under A Constant Leverage Ratio," Working Papers halshs-01295573, HAL.
  52. Franz R. Hahn, 2003. "The New Basel Capital Accord (Basel II) from a Macroeconomic Point of View," Austrian Economic Quarterly, WIFO, vol. 8(2), pages 51-63, June.
  53. Fatma Chakroun & Fathi Abid, 2015. "Optimal CAR simulation," International Journal of Financial Engineering (IJFE), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 2(04), pages 1-31, December.
  54. Vanessa Redak & Alexander Tscherteu, 2003. "Basel II, Procyclicality and Credit Growth - First Conclusions from QIS 3," Financial Stability Report, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 5, pages 56-69.
  55. Michiel Bijlsma & Wim Suyker, 2008. "The credit crisis and the Dutch economy... in eight frequently asked questions," CPB Memorandum 210.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
  56. Sreejata Banerjee & Malathi Velamuri, 2015. "The conundrum of profitability versus soundness for banks by ownership type: Evidence from the Indian banking sector," Review of Financial Economics, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(1), pages 12-24, September.
  57. Chiara Pederzoli & Costanza Torricelli & Dimitrios Tsomocos, 2010. "Rating systems, procyclicality and Basel II: an evaluation in a general equilibrium framework," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 33-49, January.
  58. Mathias Drehmann & Steffen Sorensen & Marco Stringa, 2007. "Integrating credit and interest rate risk: A theoretical framework and an application to banks' balance sheets," Money Macro and Finance (MMF) Research Group Conference 2006 151, Money Macro and Finance Research Group.
  59. Stefan Kerbl & Michael Sigmund, 2009. "Quantifying the Cyclicality of Regulatory Capital – First Evidence from Austria," Financial Stability Report, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank), issue 18, pages 93-103.
  60. Wu, Yaobin & Wang, Yingying & Xu, Xun & Chen, Xiangfeng, 2019. "Collect payment early, late, or through a third party's reverse factoring in a supply chain," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 245-259.
  61. repec:onb:oenbwp:y:2003:i:5:b:1 is not listed on IDEAS
  62. Andrea Resti & Andrea Sironi, 2005. "The Basel Committee Approach To Risk-Weights And External Ratings: What Do We Learn From Bond Spreads?," Temi di discussione (Economic working papers) 548, Bank of Italy, Economic Research and International Relations Area.
  63. Beltratti, Andrea & Paladino, Giovanna, 2016. "Basel II and regulatory arbitrage. Evidence from financial crises," Journal of Empirical Finance, Elsevier, vol. 39(PB), pages 180-196.
  64. Ebrahimi Kahou, Mahdi & Lehar, Alfred, 2017. "Macroprudential policy: A review," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 29(C), pages 92-105.
  65. Fabrizio Fabi & Sebastiano Laviola & Paolo Marullo Reedtz, 2004. "The treatment of SMEs loans in the New Basel Capital Accord: some evaluations," Banca Nazionale del Lavoro Quarterly Review, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, vol. 57(228), pages 29-70.
  66. Katalin Mérő, 2021. "The ascent and descent of banks’ risk-based capital regulation," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(4), pages 308-318, December.
  67. Ruthenberg, David & Landskroner, Yoram, 2008. "Loan pricing under Basel II in an imperfectly competitive banking market," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 32(12), pages 2725-2733, December.
  68. Olivier Bruno & Alexandra Girod, 2011. "Bank Optimal Portfolio Risk Level Under Various Regulatory Requirements," Post-Print halshs-00723879, HAL.
  69. Henrik Andersen, 2009. "Norwegian banks in a recession: Procyclical implications of Basel II," Working Paper 2009/04, Norges Bank.
  70. Rainer Baule & Christian Tallau, 2016. "Revisiting Basel risk weights: cross-sectional risk sensitivity and cyclicality," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 86(8), pages 905-931, November.
  71. Loffler, Gunter, 2004. "An anatomy of rating through the cycle," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(3), pages 695-720, March.
  72. Ines Drumond, 2009. "Bank Capital Requirements, Business Cycle Fluctuations And The Basel Accords: A Synthesis," Journal of Economic Surveys, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 23(5), pages 798-830, December.
  73. Gonzalez, F. & Haas, F. & Johannes, R. & Persson, M. & Toledo, L. & Violi, R. & Zins, C. & Wieland, M., 2004. "Market dynamics associated with credit ratings: a literature review," Financial Stability Review, Banque de France, issue 4, pages 53-76, June.
  74. Amato, Jeffery D. & Furfine, Craig H., 2004. "Are credit ratings procyclical?," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(11), pages 2641-2677, November.
  75. Lützenkirchen, Kristina & Rösch, Daniel & Scheule, Harald, 2014. "Asset portfolio securitizations and cyclicality of regulatory capital," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 237(1), pages 289-302.
  76. Rodriguez, Analía, 2007. "Distribución de pérdidas de la cartera de créditos: el método unifactorial de Basilea II vs. estimaciones no paramétricas," MPRA Paper 12637, University Library of Munich, Germany.
  77. S Ingolfsson & B T Elvarsson, 2010. "Cyclical adjustment of point-in-time PD," Journal of the Operational Research Society, Palgrave Macmillan;The OR Society, vol. 61(3), pages 374-380, March.
  78. Vanel, Grégory, 2008. "La normalisation financière internationale face à l’émergence de nouvelles autorités épistémiques américaines," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 3.
  79. Peura, Samu & Jokivuolle, Esa, 2004. "Simulation based stress tests of banks' regulatory capital adequacy," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 28(8), pages 1801-1824, August.
  80. Krainer, Robert E., 2013. "Towards a program for financial stability," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 207-218.
  81. Anil K. Kashyap & Jeremy C. Stein, 2004. "Cyclical implications of the Basel II capital standards," Economic Perspectives, Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago, vol. 28(Q I), pages 18-31.
  82. Nancy Masschelein, 2007. "Monitoring pro-cyclicality under the capital requirements directive : preliminary concepts for developing a framework," Working Paper Document 120, National Bank of Belgium.
  83. Anton Korinek, 2009. "Systemic Risk: Amplification Effects, Externalities, and Policy Responses," Working Papers 155, Oesterreichische Nationalbank (Austrian Central Bank).
  84. Peura, Samu & Jokivuolle, Esa, 2003. "Simulation-based stress testing of banks' regulatory capital adequacy," Research Discussion Papers 4/2003, Bank of Finland.
  85. Paul Tucker, 2009. "Money And Credit, Twelve Months On," Manchester School, University of Manchester, vol. 77(s1), pages 1-20, September.
  86. Rosch, Daniel, 2005. "An empirical comparison of default risk forecasts from alternative credit rating philosophies," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 21(1), pages 37-51.
  87. Borio, Claudio & Zhu, Haibin, 2012. "Capital regulation, risk-taking and monetary policy: A missing link in the transmission mechanism?," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 8(4), pages 236-251.
  88. de Fontnouvelle, Patrick & Dejesus-Rueff, Virginia & Jordan, John S. & Rosengren, Eric S., 2006. "Capital and Risk: New Evidence on Implications of Large Operational Losses," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 38(7), pages 1819-1846, October.
  89. Fabrizio Fabi & Sebastiano Laviola & Paolo Marullo Reedtz, 2004. "The treatment of SMEs loans in the New Basel Capital Accord: some evaluations," BNL Quarterly Review, Banca Nazionale del Lavoro, vol. 57(228), pages 29-70.
  90. Benford, James & Nier, Erlend, 2007. "Financial Stability Paper No 3: Monitoring Cyclicality of Basel II Capital Requirements," Bank of England Financial Stability Papers 3, Bank of England.
  91. Petr Jakubik, 2008. "Credit risk and stress testing of the Czech Banking Sector," ACTA VSFS, University of Finance and Administration, vol. 2(1), pages 107-123.
  92. Salvador, Carlos & Fernández de Guevara, Juan & Pastor, José Manuel, 2018. "The adjustment of bank ratings in the financial crisis: International evidence," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 289-313.
  93. repec:onb:oenbwp:y::i:155:b:1 is not listed on IDEAS
  94. Krainer, Robert E., 2014. "Monetary policy and bank lending in the Euro area: Is there a stock market channel or an interest rate channel?," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 49(PB), pages 283-298.
  95. C. Goodhart & M. Peiris & D. Tsomocos & A. Vardoulakis, 2010. "On dividend restrictions and the collapse of the interbank market," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 6(4), pages 455-473, October.
  96. Simona Malovana, 2018. "The Pro-Cyclicality of Risk Weights for Credit Exposures in the Czech Republic," Working Papers 2018/12, Czech National Bank.
  97. Michiel Bijlsma & Jeroen Klomp & Sijmen Duineveld, 2010. "Systemic risk in the financial sector; a review and synthesis," CPB Document 210.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
  98. Katsutoshi Shimizu & Kim Cuong Ly, 2018. "Did Basel regulations cause a significant procyclicality?," Working Papers 2018-06, Swansea University, School of Management.
  99. Claudio Borio, 2003. "Towards a Macroprudential Framework for Financial Supervision and Regulation?," CESifo Economic Studies, CESifo Group, vol. 49(2), pages 181-215.
  100. Fabrizio Fabi & Sebastiano Laviola & Paolo Marullo Reedtz, 2005. "Lending decisions, procyclicality and the New Basel Capital Accord," BIS Papers chapters, in: Bank for International Settlements (ed.), Investigating the relationship between the financial and real economy, volume 22, pages 361-91, Bank for International Settlements.
  101. David Prusvic, 2008. "Interaction between Monetary and Fiscal Policy in a Small Open Economy with Autonomous Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy Rule," ACTA VSFS, University of Finance and Administration, vol. 2(1), pages 56-79.
  102. Allen, D.E. & Powell, R.J. & Singh, A.K., 2016. "Take it to the limit: Innovative CVaR applications to extreme credit risk measurement," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 249(2), pages 465-475.
  103. Conrad F. J. Beyers & Allan Freitas & Kojo A. Essel-Mensah & Reyno Seymore & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos, 2020. "A computable general equilibrium model for banking sector risk assessment in South Africa," Annals of Finance, Springer, vol. 16(2), pages 195-218, June.
  104. Adolfo Barajas & Ralph Chami & Thomas Cosimano, 2004. "Did the Basel Accord Cause a Credit Slowdown in Latin America?," Economía Journal, The Latin American and Caribbean Economic Association - LACEA, vol. 0(Fall 2004), pages 135-182, August.
  105. Mr. Sunil Sharma & Mr. Ralph Chami & Mr. Mohsin S. Khan, 2003. "Emerging Issues in Banking Regulation," IMF Working Papers 2003/101, International Monetary Fund.
  106. Sudipto Bhattacharya & Charles A.E. Goodhart & Dimitrios P. Tsomocos & Alexandros P. Vardoulakis, 2015. "A Reconsideration of Minsky's Financial Instability Hypothesis," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 47(5), pages 931-973, August.
  107. Haibin Zhu, 2008. "Capital Regulation and Banks' Financial Decisions," International Journal of Central Banking, International Journal of Central Banking, vol. 4(1), pages 165-211, March.
  108. repec:zbw:bofrdp:2003_004 is not listed on IDEAS
  109. Mérő, Katalin, 2018. "A kockázatalapú bankszabályozás előretörése és visszaszorulása - az ösztönzési struktúrák szerepe [The emergence and decline of risk-based bank regulation the role of incentive structures]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(10), pages 981-1005.
  110. Petr Jakubik & Christian Schmieder, 2008. "Stress Testing Credit Risk: Is the Czech Republic Different from Germany?," Working Papers 2008/9, Czech National Bank.
  111. Kazeem O. Salaam, 2015. "Procyclicality Effects on Bank Lending Decisions: A Case Study of the British Banking Sector," International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, Human Resource Management Academic Research Society, International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance and Management Sciences, vol. 5(2), pages 185-194, April.
IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.