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La normalisation financière internationale face à l’émergence de nouvelles autorités épistémiques américaines

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  • Vanel, Grégory

Abstract

L’industrie des services financiers a connu de grands bouleversements depuis les deux dernières décennies. Ces bouleversements ont modifié les structures financières nationales, les dynamiques des systèmes financiers nationaux et du système financier international. Ils ont aussi eu un impact sur les cadres normatifs de la finance, notamment sur la manière de calculer la profitabilité des activités économiques. À partir d’une conception particulière de l’hégémonie financière américaine, fondée sur les pratiques légitimes, cet article explique ce phénomène par l’émergence et l’institutionnalisation, depuis les années quatre-vingt, d’autorités épistémiques américaines, parfois qualifiées d’hybrides, au sein de la filière des chiffres. Une analyse des causes et des effets de la transformation des normes comptables, du rating et des normes prudentielles permet ainsi d’envisager la financiarisation de l’économie, dans sa dimension normative, comme une tendance profonde à la diffusion des pratiques et des cadres normatifs américains de la finance. Au-delà de la diffusion d’une norme néolibérale universelle, qui serait imposée aux acteurs de façon linéaire, l’article souligne que la globalisation financière est aussi envisageable en tant que projection de pratiques des acteurs de la finance américaine au niveau mondial, par le biais d’autorités qui cherchent constamment à renforcer leur légitimité, même si elle est parfois contestée, et même si les normes qu’elles véhiculent ne sont pas exemptes de contradictions.

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  • Vanel, Grégory, 2008. "La normalisation financière internationale face à l’émergence de nouvelles autorités épistémiques américaines," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 3.
    • Handle: RePEc:rvr:journl:2008:4443
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    2. Bouvet, Patrice, 2013. "Les « retombées » des évènements sportifs sont-elles celles que l’on croit ?," Revue de la Régulation - Capitalisme, institutions, pouvoirs, Association Recherche et Régulation, vol. 13.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Globalisation financière; Hégémonie américaine; Autorités épistémiques; Normes comptables; Normes prudentielles; agences de notation; financial globalization; U.S. hegemony; epistemic authorities; accounting norms; prudential norms; rating agencies;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • M48 - Business Administration and Business Economics; Marketing; Accounting; Personnel Economics - - Accounting - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • F59 - International Economics - - International Relations, National Security, and International Political Economy - - - Other
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • N20 - Economic History - - Financial Markets and Institutions - - - General, International, or Comparative

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