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The effective average tax burden in the European Union and the USA: a computer-based calculation and comparison with the model of the European tax analyzer

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  • Jacobs, Otto H.
  • Spengel, Christoph

Abstract

In this paper we present a computer-based model (so-called European Tax Analyzer) for the international computation and comparison of company tax burdens. The methodology follows the forward-looking concepts for the measurement of effective average tax rates (EATR) on the basis of a model-firm. The EATR is computed for investments generating economic rents (i.e. pure profits above the market interest rate). In contrast to the prevailing approaches for calculating EATR based on separate and isolate investment projects the model-firm approach allows to calculate EATR for more complex and realistic conditions that are relevant for the decision making. Due to its flexibility another important advantage of the model-firm approach is the possibility to include the most relevant and complex provisions of the tax codes (i.e. tax systems, taxes, tax rates, and tax bases). A concrete computation and comparison of the EATR of corporations and their shareholders in five different countries reveals the wide spread between the national EATR. Moreover, for the time series 1995-2000 it could be shown that the differences between the EATR have declined a little. In spite of this convergence, however, tax distortions of competition did not become significantly less.

Suggested Citation

  • Jacobs, Otto H. & Spengel, Christoph, 1999. "The effective average tax burden in the European Union and the USA: a computer-based calculation and comparison with the model of the European tax analyzer," ZEW Discussion Papers 99-54, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:zewdip:5267
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Kayis-Kumar, Ann, 2016. "International tax planning by multinationals: Simulating a tax-minimising intercompany response to the OECD's recommendation on BEPS Action 4," MPRA Paper 72828, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Keller, Sara & Schanz, Deborah, 2013. "Measuring tax attractiveness across countries," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 143, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
    3. Andreas Haufler & Sven Stöwhase, 2003. "Taxes as a Determinant for Foreign Direct Investment in Europe," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 1(2), pages 45-51, 02.
    4. Immervoll, Herwig, 2002. "The distribution of average and marginal effective tax rates in European Union Member States," EUROMOD Working Papers EM2/02, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    5. Immervoll, Herwig, 2004. "Average and marginal effective tax rates facing workers in the EU: a micro-level analysis of levels, distributions and driving factors (revised version of EM2/02)," EUROMOD Working Papers EM6/04, EUROMOD at the Institute for Social and Economic Research.
    6. repec:ces:ifodic:v:1:y:2003:i:2:p:14567960 is not listed on IDEAS
    7. repec:diw:diwwpp:dp1303 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Machiel Mulder & Arie ten Cate & Ali Aouragh & Joeri Gorter, 2004. "Gas exploration and production at the Dutch continental shelf: an assessment of the 'Depreciation at Will'," CPB Document 66.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    9. Andreas Haufler & Sven Stöwhase, 2003. "Taxes as a Determinant for Foreign Direct Investment in Europe," ifo DICE Report, ifo Institute - Leibniz Institute for Economic Research at the University of Munich, vol. 1(02), pages 45-51, February.
    10. Yinka Mashood Salaudeen* & Rafiu Olayinka Akano, 2018. "Non-Linearity in Determinants of Corporate Effective Tax Rate: Further Evidence from Nigeria," International Journal of Economics and Financial Research, Academic Research Publishing Group, vol. 4(3), pages 56-63, 03-2018.
    11. Kayis-Kumar, Ann, 2016. "What's BEPS got to do with it? Exploring the effectiveness of thin capitalisation rules," MPRA Paper 75741, University Library of Munich, Germany.

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