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Fracking, globale Energiemärkte und die zukünftige Klimapolitik

Author

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  • Delzeit, Ruth
  • Klepper, Gernot
  • Lange, Mareike

Abstract

[Einleitung] Chancen und Risiken der Gewinnung von Erdgas oder -öl aus unkonventionellen Lagerstätten und das dabei zum Einsatz kommende Verfahren des Hydraulic Fracturing (Fracking, deutsch: aufbrechen) werden derzeit in der Politik und Öffentlichkeit intensiv diskutiert. Als unkonventionelle Erdgasvorkommen bezeichnet man schwerer zugängliche Vorkommen, deren Gas durch technische Maßnahmen in den Lagerstätten erst mobilisiert werden muss. Dafür wird mit sehr hohem Druck chemisch behandelte Flüssigkeit (Frack-Fluide) in dichte Gesteinsschichten gepresst, um die Schiefergasvorkommen zu fördern (NRW 2012). Im Mittelpunkt der öffentlichen Diskussion stehen der Zielkonflikt zwischen möglichen energiewirtschaftlichen und -politischen Vorteilen und den Risiken für Mensch und Umwelt. In den USA wird bereits seit einigen Jahren unkonventionelles Erdgas durch Fracking gefördert. Somit gibt es erste Erfahrungen über dessen Vor- und Nachteile. Befürworter der Nutzung der Fracking-Technologie weisen auf stark gesunkene Energiepreise in den USA hin und begründen damit die Reindustrialisierung der US-amerikanischen Industrie (SRU 2013). Ein weiterer Vorteil wird in der Verbesserung der Versorgungssicherheit durch heimische Energiequellen gesehen. Gegner der Nutzung der Fracking-Technologie warnen vor möglichen Risiken und lokalen Umweltauswirkungen. Zudem stellen sie die Langfristigkeit der Preissenkungen in Frage und warnen vor negativen Auswirkungen auf die Ziele der Klimapolitik sowie den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien. Mit diesem Policy Brief tragen wir zu dieser Diskussion bei, indem wir Erdgas aus unkonventionellen Quellen anderen fossilen Energieträgern sowie erneuerbaren Energieträgern gegenüberstellen und hinsichtlich ihres Beitrags zur Energiewende, klimapolitischen Zielen und lokalen Umwelteffekten analysieren. Die Analyse baut auf einer Übersicht über globale, europäische und deutsche Potenziale und über die aktuelle Förderung auf.

Suggested Citation

  • Delzeit, Ruth & Klepper, Gernot & Lange, Mareike, 2013. "Fracking, globale Energiemärkte und die zukünftige Klimapolitik," Kiel Policy Brief 64, Kiel Institute for the World Economy (IfW Kiel).
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:ifwkpb:64
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    References listed on IDEAS

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