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Forschung und Entwicklung deutscher Unternehmen im Ausland – Zielländer, Motive und Schwierigkeiten

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  • Czernich, Nina

Abstract

Die Internationalisierung von Forschung und Entwicklung (FuE) deutscher Unternehmen hat in den letzten Jahren deutlich zugenommen. Nicht nur große, sondern auch kleine und mittlere Unternehmen betreiben FuE im Ausland. Gemessen an der Höhe der FuE-Ausgaben sind die großen Unternehmen allerdings die wichtigsten Akteure. Das bedeutendste Zielland für FuE deutscher Unternehmen sind die USA. Auch China ist inzwischen ein wichtiges Zielland für FuE-Aktivitäten deutscher Unternehmen. Die wichtigsten Motive für deutsche Unternehmen, FuE im Ausland zu betreiben, sind Markterschließung sowie das Erschließen von spezifischem Wissen oder Fachkräften. Dabei erweist sich Markterschließung besonders für FuE in den USA und den BRIC-Länder als wichtig, während das Erschließen von Wissen und Fachkräften in den USA und Westeuropa wichtig ist. Einsparungen bei Löhnen oder Lohnnebenkosten haben sich als wichtiges Motiv für FuE in Osteuropa herausgestellt. Hemmnisse und Schwierigkeiten bei FuE-Aktivitäten im Ausland sehen die Unternehmen am häufigsten in den BRIC-Ländern, am seltensten in Westeuropa. Grundlagenforschung wird vor allem in Deutschland durchgeführt. In den BRIC-Ländern dominiert die experimentelle Entwicklung. Die meisten befragten Unternehmen planen, ihre FuE-Aktivitäten im Ausland konstant zu halten oder auszuweiten. Unternehmen, die in den BRIC-Ländern FuE betreiben, planen überdurchschnittlich häufig, ihre FuE Aktivitäten dort auszuweiten.

Suggested Citation

  • Czernich, Nina, 2014. "Forschung und Entwicklung deutscher Unternehmen im Ausland – Zielländer, Motive und Schwierigkeiten," Studien zum deutschen Innovationssystem 13-2014, Expertenkommission Forschung und Innovation (EFI) - Commission of Experts for Research and Innovation, Berlin.
    • Handle: RePEc:zbw:efisdi:132014
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