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Währungskrisenmodelle aus neuerer Sicht

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  • Angermüller, Niels Olaf

Abstract

Nach den Währungskrisen im Europäischen Währungssystem (EWS) zu Beginn der 90er Jahre standen in den letzten Jahren die Währungen einiger „Emerging Markets“ im Mittelpunkt spekulativer Attacken. Für die betroffenen Länder ergaben sich Probleme wie (durch Abwertungen bedingte) höhere Importpreise und Glaubwürdigkeitsverluste wirtschaftspolitischer Institutionen. Die Volkswirtschaften verzeichneten meist erhebliche Wachstumseinbußen bis hin zu negativem Wachstum, und die Inflationsraten stiegen. Die die Preisanstiege übertreffenden nominalen Abwertungen (d.h. reale Abwertungen) bewirkten erst später eine Erholung der Konjunktur. Anliegen dieses Beitrages ist es, die Währungskrisenmodelle der sog. ersten und zweiten Generation vor dem Hintergrund der Asien-Krise zu diskutieren. Die Beschäftigung mit diesen Modellen ist einerseits interessant, weil sie vor dem Ausbruch der Asien-Krise entstanden waren und davon auszugehen ist, dass Ökonomen ihre Einschätzungen der Krisenanfälligkeit eines Landes an diesen Modellen orientierten. Anderseits wird deutlich werden, dass die Modelle bereits Gedanken beinhalten, die auch neuere Überlegungen prägen. Es wird gezeigt, dass anhand dieser Modelle Krisenanzeichen erkennbar waren. Dennoch überraschte die Krise viele Marktteilnehmer. In Kapitel 2 wird die Situation in Asien vor Ausbruch der Krise beschrieben. In Kapitel 3 folgt eine Besprechung der Modelle der ersten und zweiten Generation als den Modellen, die vor der Asien- Krise besondere Beachtung fanden. Für Überlegungen zur Asien-Krise wird das Standardmodell der ersten Generation um eine Risikoprämie erweitert. Daran wird deutlich, dass eine vergrößerte Risikoeinschätzung zum Ausbruch einer Währungskrise führen kann. Das Modell der zweiten Generation wird um Überlegungen zur Erwartungsbildung weiterentwickelt; denn diese nehmen für das Verständnis der Krise eine besondere Rolle ein. Die Überlegungen werden am Beispiel Thailands illustriert. Am Ende des dritten Kapitels werden die Erkenntnisse aus beiden Modellgenerationen dann vor dem Hintergrund der Asien-Krise reflektiert. Zusammengefasst werden die Ergebnisse in Kapitel 4.

Suggested Citation

  • Angermüller, Niels Olaf, 2000. "Währungskrisenmodelle aus neuerer Sicht," University of Göttingen Working Papers in Economics 8, University of Goettingen, Department of Economics.
  • Handle: RePEc:zbw:cegedp:8
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