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How Costly Are Labor Gender Gaps? Estimates by Age Group for the Balkans and Turkey

Author

Listed:
  • David Cuberes

    (Clark University)

  • Marc Teignier

    (Universitat de Barcelona)

Abstract

In this paper, survey data are used to document the presence of gender gaps in selfemployment, employership, and labor force participation in seven Balkan countries and Turkey. The paper examines the quantitative effects of the gender gaps on aggregate productivity and income per capita in these countries. In the model used to carry out this calculation, agents choose between being workers, self-employed, or employers, and women face several restrictions in the labor market. The data display very large gaps in labor force participation and in the percentage of employers and self-employed in the labor force. In almost all cases, these gaps reveal a clear underrepresentation of women. The calculations show that, on average, the loss associated with these gaps is about 17 percent of income per capita. One-third of this loss is due to distortions in the choice of occupations between men andwomen. The remaining two-thirds corresponds to the costs associated with gaps in labor force participation. The dimensions of these gender gaps and their associated costs vary considerably across ages groups, with the age bracket 36–50 years being responsible for most of the losses.

Suggested Citation

  • David Cuberes & Marc Teignier, 2017. "How Costly Are Labor Gender Gaps? Estimates by Age Group for the Balkans and Turkey," Working Papers XREAP2017-10, Xarxa de Referència en Economia Aplicada (XREAP), revised Nov 2017.
    • Handle: RePEc:xrp:wpaper:xreap2017-10
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    Cited by:

    1. Julia Bachtrögler-Unger & Julia Bock-Schappelwein & Paul Eckerstorfer & Peter Huber & Christine Mayrhuber & Mark Sommer & Gerhard Streicher, 2019. "Wachstumsfaktor Gleichstellung. Der ökonomische Nutzen von Gender Budgeting in Wien," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 65741, January.
    2. Weismueller, Jason & Harrigan, Paul & Wang, Shasha & Soutar, Geoffrey N., 2020. "Influencer endorsements: How advertising disclosure and source credibility affect consumer purchase intention on social media," Australasian marketing journal, Elsevier, vol. 28(4), pages 160-170.
    3. Cuberes, David & Schmillen, Achim & Teignier, Marc, 2023. "The aggregate gains of eliminating gender and ethnic gaps in the Malaysian labor market," Journal of Asian Economics, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).

    More about this item

    Keywords

    gender inequality; entrepreneurship talent; factor allocation; aggregate productivity; span of control; Balkans; Turkey;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E2 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Consumption, Saving, Production, Employment, and Investment
    • J21 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Force and Employment, Size, and Structure
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General

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