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Payments-Related Intraday Credit Differentials and the Emergence of a Vehicle Currency

Author

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  • Sujit Chakravorti

    (Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago)

Abstract

The hypothesis put forth is that the U.S. dollar's role as a vehicle currency in global foreign exchange markets is linked to the low cost of payments-related intraday credit. After reviewing the types of intraday credit facilities extended to participants on payment systems settling the major currencies, a foreign exchange market is simulated. Results indicate that if there are sufficient differences in the availability of intraday credit between one settlement system and the others, the currency cleared and settled by the payment system extending the greatest intraday credit will have narrower bid-ask spreads. Vehicle currencies are associated with narrower spreads. The hypothesis put forth is that the U.S. dollar's role as a vehicle currency in global foreign exchange markets is linked to the low cost of payments-related intraday credit. After reviewing the types of intraday credit facilities extended to participants on payment systems settling the major currencies, a foreign exchange market is simulated. Results indicate that if there are sufficient differences in the availability of intraday credit between one settlement system and the others, the currency cleared and settled by the payment system extending the greatest intraday credit will have narrower bid-ask spreads. Vehicle currencies are associated with narrower spreads. U.S. dollar's role as a vehicle currency in global foreign exchange markets is linked to the low cost of payments-related intraday credit. After reviewing the types of intraday credit facilities extended to participants on payment systems settling the major currencies, a foreign exchange market is simulated. Results indicate that if there are sufficient differences in the availability of intraday credit between one settlement system and the others, the currency cleared and settled by the payment system extending the greatest intraday credit will have narrower bid-ask spreads. Vehicle currencies are associated with narrower spreads.

Suggested Citation

  • Sujit Chakravorti, 2001. "Payments-Related Intraday Credit Differentials and the Emergence of a Vehicle Currency," International Finance 0111001, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:wpa:wuwpif:0111001
    Note: Type of Document - Latex/pdf; prepared on IBM PC ; to print on HP/PostScript/Franciscan monk; pages: 345,395,4323247 ; figures: included/. This is located on the web at:
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Krugman, Paul, 1980. "Vehicle Currencies and the Structure of International Exchange," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 12(3), pages 513-526, August.
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    3. Dirk Schoenmaker & Mr. Peter M. Garber & Mr. D. F. I. Folkerts-Landau, 1996. "The Reform of Wholesale Payment Systems and its Impacton Financial Markets," IMF Working Papers 1996/037, International Monetary Fund.
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    5. Kiyotaki, Nobuhiro & Wright, Randall, 1989. "On Money as a Medium of Exchange," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 97(4), pages 927-954, August.
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    7. Tavlas, G.S., 1991. "On the International Use of Currencies: the Case of the Deutsche Mark," Princeton Studies in International Economics 181, International Economics Section, Departement of Economics Princeton University,.
    8. George R. Juncker & Bruce J. Summers & Florence M. Young, 1991. "A primer on the settlement of payments in the United States," Federal Reserve Bulletin, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (U.S.), issue Nov, pages 847-858.
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    Cited by:

    1. Chakravorti, Sujit, 2000. "Analysis of systemic risk in multilateral net settlement systems," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 10(1), pages 9-30, January.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    payment systems; foreign exchange; liquidity;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F3 - International Economics - - International Finance
    • F4 - International Economics - - Macroeconomic Aspects of International Trade and Finance

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