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Von Roosevelt lernen: Sein "New Deal" und die große Krise Europas

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  • Stephan Schulmeister

Abstract

Die Maßnahmen, mit denen Roosevelt die Wirtschaft der USA aus der Depression 1929/1933 führte, unterscheiden sich markant von der Politik in der EU seit 2009. Zunächst konzentrierte sich Roosevelt auf die Bekämpfung von Mutlosigkeit und Verzweiflung, auf die strikte Regulierung des Finanzsektors und auf die Belebung der Realwirtschaft durch öffentliche Investitionen und Beschäftigungsprogramme (1933/34). Danach folgten "Strukturreformen" wie die Einführung der Arbeitslosen- und Pensionsversicherung, "fairer" Arbeitsbedingungen (Mindestlöhne, Höchstarbeitszeit) und eines progressiver gestalteten Steuertarifs (1935/38). Zwischen 1933 und 1937 wuchs das reale BIP der USA um 43%. Bei weitem am stärksten expandierte die private Investitionsnachfrage (+140%), die Staatsnachfrage nahm um nur 28% zu. Mit seinem Kampf gegen die sozial-psychologische Depression und seiner Förderung von Unternehmertum gegenüber Finanzspekulationen nahm Roosevelt jene Hauptbotschaften von Keynes' "General Theory" (1936) vorweg, die später verdrängt wurden: erstens die Bedeutung von Unsicherheit, Vertrauen und Zuversicht, zweitens die Notwendigkeit, den Spielraum für Finanzspekulation radikal einzuschränken.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephan Schulmeister, 2014. "Von Roosevelt lernen: Sein "New Deal" und die große Krise Europas," WIFO Working Papers 473, WIFO.
    • Handle: RePEc:wfo:wpaper:y:2014:i:473
    Note: With English abstract.
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    File URL: https://www.wifo.ac.at/wwa/pubid/47263
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Stephan Schulmeister, 2015. "The struggle over the Financial Transactions Tax. A politico-economic farce," Revue de l'OFCE, Presses de Sciences-Po, vol. 0(5), pages 15-55.
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    Keywords

    Depressionen; Makroökonomische Politik; New Deal;
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