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Regression estimates of per capital gross domestic product based on purchasing power parities

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  • Ahmad, Sultan

Abstract

The estimates of the gross national product (GNP) per capita in US dollars published in the World Bank Atlas are used throughout the world for comparing relative levels of income across countries. The Atlas method of calculating per capita GNP is designed to smooth effects of fluctuations in prices and exchange rates and consists of converting local currency values to US dollars by a form of average exchange rates. Since exchange rates do not measure relative purchasing powers of currencies in domestic markets, the Atlas estimates can often show changes in the relative ranking of two countries from one year to the next even if there are not changes in real growth rates but if there are changes in exchange rates which are not in line with relative price changes. Improved estimates can be obtained if purchasing power parities (PPP) rather than exchange rates are used as conversion factors. However, PPP-based estimates of per capita income are yet to cover all countries and all years in the Atlas. There have been attempts in the past to fill the gaps by short-cut estimates using regression techniques or by using a reduced set of information. In an attempt to fill these gaps, the Bank has used regression estimates of its own and published them in the World Development Indicators. This paper describes how these estimates were made. In addition, it: deals with choice of methods and explanatory variables; presents selected regressions; and, analyses the results. Finally, it compares the results with those of the Penn World Tables, the latest estimates available in the public domain.

Suggested Citation

  • Ahmad, Sultan, 1992. "Regression estimates of per capital gross domestic product based on purchasing power parities," Policy Research Working Paper Series 956, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:956
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Irving B. Kravis & Robert E. Lipsey, 1991. "The International Comparison Program: Current Status and Problems," NBER Chapters, in: International Economic Transactions: Issues in Measurement and Empirical Research, pages 437-468, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    6. David, Paul A, 1972. "Just How Misleading Are Official Exchange Rate Conversions?," Economic Journal, Royal Economic Society, vol. 82(327), pages 979-990, September.
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