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Gender and enterprise development in Sub-Saharan Africa : a review of constraints and effective interventions

Author

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  • Campos,Francisco Moraes Leitao
  • Gassier,Marine

Abstract

Female participation in entrepreneurial activities is higher in Sub-Saharan Africa than in any other region. However, women-owned businesses significantly underperform those owned by men. This paper identifies the main constraints that women face in developing their businesses in Africa and discusses how these constraints influence strategic choices in areas such as level of investment and sector of operations. The paper synthesizes the emerging lessons about what works and what does not work to address the underlying constraints to the performance of women-owned firms. Moreover, it identifies knowledge gaps and priority research questions. The paper aims to support the development of a gender-informed policy and research agenda on enterprise development that can guide practitioners, development partners, and researchers who seek to advance women's economic empowerment in Africa.

Suggested Citation

  • Campos,Francisco Moraes Leitao & Gassier,Marine, 2017. "Gender and enterprise development in Sub-Saharan Africa : a review of constraints and effective interventions," Policy Research Working Paper Series 8239, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:8239
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Ackah, Charles Godfred & Görg, Holger & Hanley, Aoife & Hornok, Cecília, 2020. "Why are Africa's female entrepreneurs not playing the export game? Evidence from Ghana," KCG Working Papers 22, Kiel Centre for Globalization (KCG).
    2. Inessa Love & Boris Nikolaev & Chandra Dhakal, 2024. "The well-being of women entrepreneurs: the role of gender inequality and gender roles," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 62(1), pages 325-352, January.
    3. Islam, Asif M. & Amin, Mohammad, 2023. "The gender labor productivity gap across informal firms," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    4. Mohammad Amin, 2023. "Does competition from informal firms hurt job creation by formal manufacturing SMEs in developing and emerging countries? Evidence using firm-level survey data," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 60(4), pages 1659-1681, April.
    5. Charles Ackah & Holger Goerg & Aoife Hanley & Cecília Hornok, 2020. "Why are Africa’s female entrepreneurs not playing the export game? Evidence from Ghana," Discussion Papers 2020-19, University of Nottingham, GEP.
    6. Kehinde F. Ajayi & Nana Akua Anyidoho, 2022. "Self‐employment preferences among university graduates in Ghana: Does gender make a difference?," Development Policy Review, Overseas Development Institute, vol. 40(2), March.

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