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Gender dimensions of pension reform in the Former Soviet Union

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  • Castel, Paulette
  • Fox, Louise

Abstract

The authors analyze the gender implications of pension reform in Kazakhstan, the Kygyz Republic, Latvia, and Moldova. The new systems deliberately penalize early retirement and reward longer careers, so that with no change in behavior or policy, women's pensions will be lower than men's on average. Still, the implicit financial returns for women remain higher on average than returns for men, because of women's longer life expectancy and because of redistributory minimum pensions. Overall, however, the net change in wealth resulting from the reforms will be larger on average for men than for women, because they will work longer and get a larger pension. Women's longerlife expectancy means that women can expect to spend the last years of their lives alone. If their pensions are too low because of their work histories, poverty among elderly women may increase.

Suggested Citation

  • Castel, Paulette & Fox, Louise, 2001. "Gender dimensions of pension reform in the Former Soviet Union," Policy Research Working Paper Series 2546, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:wbrwps:2546
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. repec:bla:revinw:v:27:y:1981:i:4:p:401-21 is not listed on IDEAS
    2. Fox, Louise & Palmer, Edward, 1999. "Latvian pension reform," Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes 20850, The World Bank.
    3. Fox, Louise, 1994. "Old age security in transitional economies," Policy Research Working Paper Series 1257, The World Bank.
    4. Jonathan Gruber & David A. Wise, 1999. "Social Security and Retirement around the World," NBER Books, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc, number grub99-1.
    5. Disney, Richard & Whitehouse, Edward, 1999. "Pension plans and retirement incentives," Social Protection Discussion Papers and Notes 20851, The World Bank.
    6. Lazreg, M., 1999. "Making the Transition Work for Women in Europe and Central Asia," World Bank - Discussion Papers 411, World Bank.
    7. Rama, Martin & MacIsaac, Donna, 1999. "Earnings and Welfare after Downsizing: Central Bank Employees in Ecuador," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 13(1), pages 89-116, January.
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    Cited by:

    1. Estelle James & Alejandra Cox Edwards & Rebeca Wong, 2012. "The Gender Impact of Pension Reform," World Bank Publications - Reports 13046, The World Bank Group.
    2. John B. Williamson & Matthew Williams, 2005. "Notional Defined Contribution Accounts," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 64(2), pages 485-506, April.
    3. Therese Jefferson, 2009. "Women and Retirement Pensions: A Research Review," Feminist Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 15(4), pages 115-145.
    4. Oscar Molina & Fabian Soria, 2006. "Factores Determinantes de la Probabilidad de Afiliación al Sistema de Pensiones en Bolivia," Development Research Working Paper Series 02/2006, Institute for Advanced Development Studies.

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