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Stubborn Gender Gaps in Paraguay's Labor Market

Author

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  • Ruppert Bulmer, Elizabeth
  • Scarpari, Raquel
  • Garlati, Adrian

Abstract

This note analyzes household survey data and firm-level data to measure gender gaps in employmentoutcomes over the past 15 years and shed light on the degree to which economic growth has translated into more and better jobs for men and women, and the relative impact on each group. The analysis relies primarily on micro-level data from the annual Encuesta Permanente de Hogares for 2001 through 2016, the Encuesta Continua de Empleo for 2010-2014, the Censo Economico 2011, a census of firms, and the 2015-16 Encuesta de Empresas, a follow-up firm survey. Patterns in labor supply and its correlates will be examined using household-level data, and the analysis will consider how gender and other worker characteristics are related to labor market outcomes. In addition, this note explores the degree to which private sector labor demand and firm productivity differ by gender; this is done using firm-level data to examine the drivers of firm performance and employment growth. The remainder of this note is structured as follows. Section 2 examines recent socio-demographic trends that have affected the number of women entering the labor market in Paraguay. Section 3 looks at gender differentials in labor market outcomes relating to work status, sector of employment and earnings, inter alia. Section 4 considers the gender composition of labor demand by private sector firms, and section 5 concludes with a discussion of policy options for the future.

Suggested Citation

  • Ruppert Bulmer, Elizabeth & Scarpari, Raquel & Garlati, Adrian, 2019. "Stubborn Gender Gaps in Paraguay's Labor Market," Jobs Group Papers, Notes, and Guides 30960092, The World Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:wbk:jbsgrp:30960092
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    File URL: http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/394321554410363267/Stubborn-Gender-Gaps-in-Paraguay-s-Labor-Market
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    Cited by:

    1. Raquel Scarpari & Timothy Clay, 2020. "Gender in Jobs Diagnostics," World Bank Publications - Reports 33364, The World Bank Group.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    paper issue; labor force participation rate; European Development Finance Institutions; net job creation; female labor force participation; unexplained gender wage gap; economic opportunities for woman; gender gap in education; gender gap in employment; working age population; labor market outcome; share of woman; household survey data; labor supply decisions; unpaid family worker; return to education; share of employment; labor market entry; employment for woman; women with child; earnings of woman; Access to Education; international labour organisation; large urban centers; jobs and development; flexible work hour; Women in Agriculture; children per woman; assessment of gender; closing gender gap; rural poverty rate; access to training; high quality employment; european investment bank; labor market indicator; demand for labor; economic growth performance; primary school completion; average wage growth; female unemployment rate; labor force growth; share of work; distribution of wage; difference in returns; public administration sector; number of women; financial service sector; description of data; privileges and immunity; traditional gender roles; public sector employment; high population density; private sector work; access to capital; high unemployment rate; small family size; social insurance coverage; degree of informality; labor productivity growth; labor force expansion; promoting gender equality; monthly wage; Job Quality; labor demand; wage worker; gender difference;
    All these keywords.

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