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La evaluación de la sostenibilidad de los sistemas agrícolas mediante el Análisis Multicriterio (MCA). Una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Author

Listed:
  • Claudia Daniel Escurza González
  • David Pérez Neira
  • Xavier Simón Fernández

Abstract

Los sistemas de cultivo actuales, de carácter intensivo, deben abordar importantes desafíos relacionados con la insostenibilidad ambiental, económica y social. Este estudio presenta una Revisión Sistemática de la Literatura (SLR) sobre la evaluación de la sostenibilidad mediante Análisis Multicriterio (MCA) de los sistemas y de los manejos agrícolas alternativos a los convencionales, destacando el potencial de este enfoque para integrar todas las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad. Se identificaron 60 estudios relevantes, a través de los cuales se pretendía valorar el impacto de la transición hacia una producción agraria ecológica, así como identificar los sistemas y prácticas más prósperas. Como cabía esperar, los resultados evidencian frecuentes trade-offs entre las dimensiones de la sostenibilidad, particularmente entre los objetivos ambientales y económicos, así como discrepancias dentro de cada ámbito. No obstante, prácticas como la diversificación de cultivos (especialmente cuando se diversifica con leguminosas), las técnicas de riego eficiente y los sistemas integrados de cultivo-ganado destacan por sus numerosos impactos positivos. En contraste, la labranza reducida presenta importantes limitaciones. Asimismo, los sistemas alternativos sufren dificultades comunes, incluyendo elevados costes iniciales, mayor complejidad operativa y la falta de formación adecuada. Estas limitaciones destacan la necesidad de políticas de apoyo que fomenten la adopción de métodos de producción sostenibles, a través de la educación y de la cooperación, y faciliten el acceso a recursos financieros. En conclusión, el estudio demuestra que los sistemas alternativos pueden disminuir los impactos ambientales sin perjudicar los aspectos económicos y sociales, siempre que las estrategias se diseñen teniendo en consideración tanto las especificidades locales como a todos los grupos de interés involucrados en ellos.

Suggested Citation

  • Claudia Daniel Escurza González & David Pérez Neira & Xavier Simón Fernández, 2024. "La evaluación de la sostenibilidad de los sistemas agrícolas mediante el Análisis Multicriterio (MCA). Una revisión sistemática de la literatura," Working Papers 2403, Universidade de Vigo, Departamento de Economía Aplicada.
    • Handle: RePEc:vig:wpaper:2403
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    2. Liang, Zhengyuan & van der Werf, Wopke & Xu, Zhan & Cheng, Jiali & Wang, Chong & Cong, Wen-Feng & Zhang, Chaochun & Zhang, Fusuo & Groot, Jeroen C.J., 2022. "Identifying exemplary sustainable cropping systems using a positive deviance approach: Wheat-maize double cropping in the North China Plain," Agricultural Systems, Elsevier, vol. 201(C).
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Sistemas de cultivo; alimentación sostenible; evaluación multicriterio; impacto ambiental; impacto socioeconómico;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q15 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Land Ownership and Tenure; Land Reform; Land Use; Irrigation; Agriculture and Environment
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • Q57 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Ecological Economics

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