Factors of development of regional innovation systems in Russia: comparative analysis

In the context of universal digitalization and increasing competition between countries and regions in the struggle for resources and markets, innovation is becoming a critical factor in development. Regional innovation systems (RIS) play a key role in the creation and use of innovations, as they represent a complex network of participants in the innovation process, including educational organizations and research institutes, entrepreneurship, the state and other institutions. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of RICE and determine the factors influencing them. The study of the factors of RICE development is an urgent and important task, since it allows us to identify the main mechanisms that influence the success or failure of regions in the field of innovative development. In Russia, there is a significant regional inequality in terms of the level of innovation activity, which necessitates the analysis of the peculiarities of RICE development in different regions. Also, the development of effective strategies and policies for innovative development at the regional level requires a comprehensive study of regional specifics, strengths and weaknesses of RICE. To assess the effectiveness of RIS, a DEA model is used, as well as cluster analysis using k-means and k-medians (k-medoids), regression analysis (tobit). As a result, a rating of innovative development of Russian regions was compiled, and effective regions were identified (Moscow, Tatarstan, Moscow Region, Samara Region, Ivanovo Region, Mari El) and abnormal regions for which a special approach and a special innovation policy are needed to achieve the necessary level of innovative development.