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Violence Against Civilians in Civil Wars: Looting or Terror?

Author

Listed:
  • Jean-Paul Azam
  • Anke Hoeffler

Abstract

A simple two-stage game-theoretic model of conflict is analysed, where the government can send raiders for terrorising the population to flee before the fighting proper begins. The resulting displacement of population reduces the efficiency of the guerrilla in the fight against the government. Conditions are spelled out for a sub-game perfect equilibrium to exist where terror substitutes for fighting, when the government can afford it.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean-Paul Azam & Anke Hoeffler, 2001. "Violence Against Civilians in Civil Wars: Looting or Terror?," WIDER Working Paper Series DP2001-46, World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER).
    • Handle: RePEc:unu:wpaper:dp2001-46
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