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Access to Banking and the Role of Inequality and the Financial Crisis

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  • Mauro Caselli
  • Babak Somekh

Abstract

We study access to banking and how it is related to banks’ rate of return on investments and the distribution of income. We develop our empirical framework through a theoretical supply-side model of bank deposit services with a consumer population heterogeneous in income. We use this model to show how decreases in the interest rate margin and higher income disparities lead to an increase in the proportion of unbanked. Using localized US household data from 2009, 2011, 2013 and 2015 we find strong empirical evidence for the predictions of the model. We then structurally estimate our model to estimate the value of having a checking account relative to alternative financial services and to quantify the effects of actual changes in the interest rate margin and the distribution of income that occurred in the aftermath of the 2008 financial crisis.
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  • Mauro Caselli & Babak Somekh, 2019. "Access to Banking and the Role of Inequality and the Financial Crisis," DEM Working Papers 2019/9, Department of Economics and Management.
    • Handle: RePEc:trn:utwprg:2019/09
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    1. Thorsten Beck & Asli Demirgüç-Kunt & Maria Soledad Martinez Peria, 2008. "Banking Services for Everyone? Barriers to Bank Access and Use around the World," The World Bank Economic Review, World Bank, vol. 22(3), pages 397-430, November.
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    Cited by:

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    2. Domonkos, Tomas & Fisera, Boris & Siranova, Maria, 2023. "Income inequality as long-term conditioning factor of monetary transmission to bank rates," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    3. P. M. Vik & D. Kamerāde & K. T. Dayson, 2024. "The Link Between Digital Skills and Financial Inclusion—Evidence from Consumers Survey Data from Low-Income Areas," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 47(3), pages 373-393, September.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    banking; financial exclusion; income distribution; inequality; financial crisis; alternative financial services;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C13 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Estimation: General
    • D11 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Theory
    • D12 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Consumer Economics: Empirical Analysis
    • D14 - Microeconomics - - Household Behavior - - - Household Saving; Personal Finance
    • D21 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Theory
    • D22 - Microeconomics - - Production and Organizations - - - Firm Behavior: Empirical Analysis
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages

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