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Multi-dimensional inequality and Covid-19 in Brazil

Author

Listed:
  • Pires
  • Carvalho, Rawet

Abstract

The paper presents empirical evidence from Brazil on the bidirectional relationship between inequality and the COVID-19 crisis: racial, regional and income inequalities have both aggravated the pandemic and been exacerbated by it. The paper provides a measure of social risk factors to COVID-19, which is positively associated with the number of Covid-19 cases across Brazilian states. This is complemented by a discussion of the country's inequalities in access to healthcare and in the incidence of comorbidities, which elucidates observed disparities in the need of a ventilator and in the number of deaths by COVID19. Finally, our empirical analysis suggests that the substantive fiscal effort in the country and particularly the implementation of the cash relief program Auxílio Emergencial neutralized the short-term increase in wage disparities but has been insufficient to neutralize the cost of multi-dimensional structural inequalities on Brazil’s death tolls.

Suggested Citation

  • Pires & Carvalho, Rawet, 2021. "Multi-dimensional inequality and Covid-19 in Brazil," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2020_26, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP).
    • Handle: RePEc:spa:wpaper:2020wpecon26
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    File URL: http://www.repec.eae.fea.usp.br/documentos/NassifPires_Carvalho_Rawet_26WP.pdf
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    inequality; Covid-19 in Brazil; social vulnerability; health disparities; intersectionality;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I14 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health and Inequality
    • J15 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Minorities, Races, Indigenous Peoples, and Immigrants; Non-labor Discrimination
    • D31 - Microeconomics - - Distribution - - - Personal Income and Wealth Distribution

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