A Study on Causal and Serious Leisure Constraints, Motivation and Skill Comparison

This study explored the three major factors that effect the participation such as, motivation, constraints and skill. The purpose of this study was three fold. First, to observe the differences that could exist between the participants of serious and casual leisure while participating frequently in an activity. Secondly, to find the new inventory group that could exist in the field of tourism leisure participation. Thirdly, to examine the relation among casual, moderate and serious leisure participation and to relate with willingness to participate in frequent leisure activities. The descriptive statistics, factor analysis, t-test and regression were conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Science Software Program (SPSS) 21.0. While this study has contributed to our understanding that there were no differences existed between serious leisure or casual leisure participants in case of frequent leisure participation. In addition, there were no direct relation between motivation and constraints. These two variables showed negative or positive significant relationships with skill in all the three groups (casual, moderate and serious) of leisure activity. Further analysis proved that the motivation have indirect relationship with constraint. In case of frequent participants in particular activity, participants who perceives higher level of motivation showed less constraints to take part. This result further revealed that "challenging activities", was the strongest motivation variable, which tend to develop the skill and positively relate with moderate leisure(less serious and high casual leisure group). However, the casual leisure group showed negative relationship between cost constraint and skill (experience) which is not fit to our hypothesis. This study adds to our understanding that the motivation help to develop skill which further tend to negotiate the cost constraints of frequent participants. Results from this study also confirmed significant positive relationship of Willingness to Participate with ' Extrinsic Motivation' and ' Skill by Experience' and negative correlation with 'Skill by Knowledge' and 'Intrapersonal Constrains'. It further indicate that participants were more willingness to participate in an activity if they develop their skill through more participation. In addition, the frequent participants were well known about the situation and type of activity they participate and found higher interpersonal constraint for willing to participate in more risk taking activities. This study addresses that the moderate leisure and overall group face similar indirect relation between Motivation and Constraints. The moderate group (combined group) better fit to the model than any other groups of participants.