Temporary labor migration of rural and urban population in russia[Временная Трудовая Миграция Сельского И Городского Населения В России]

Research estimates of the scale of temporary labor migration vary greatly. More or less reliable estimates of the process are provided by the data of the LFS (Rosstat), according to which in recent years it has been 1.6-1.9 million people, but this is without taking into account trips to work within the regions. The prevalence of temporary labor migration in small towns is higher than in large ones, and there are significantly more waste workers in rural areas than in cities. Even according to the LFS data, in some regions 15-20% of the rural population work in other regions. The purpose of the work was to study the current trends of temporary labor migration of rural population on the basis of available statistical data and field research. How and why migrants from rural areas are integrated into the labor markets of cities through labor migration? The work was completed in 2023; in addition to statistical data, the materials of expert interviews with employees of rural administrations and in–depth interviews with migrant workers - residents of rural areas were used in the preparation. Temporary labor migration is a predominantly male occupation. The most active participants are people of the most productive working age, among the rural population aged 25-29 years, 7.7% of the employed population participate in temporary labor migration. People with secondary vocational education are more likely to participate in temporary labor migration, such needs are presented by the labor market (and niches in it) of the regions where they are employed. There are fewer people with higher education among migrant workers permanently residing in rural areas, but more than among those from cities who do not have a vocational education. Employees of rural administrations estimate the participation of rural residents in labor migration as high, from 10 to 20% of the employed population. First of all, it is a way to provide a household with an income that is impossible in rural employment conditions. At the same time, there is no shortage of vacancies in the rural labor market. Labor migration allows rural residents to maintain the size of the rural population, since their families stay at home, as well as the economy of rural settlements, since the earnings earned by waste workers in other regions are spent almost entirely at the place of permanent residence.