Communities and Communication: The Transformation of the Social Formation of Solidarity Mechanisms[Сообщества И Коммуникация: Трансформация Социальных Механизмов Формирования Солидарности]

The object of the study are: communication in the public sphere as a form of establishing a political community and a way to build a culture of civic participation (participatory culture). Objective was to reconstruct the unfolding debate in Western studies of consensus and significant dissensuse as a method of forming a political community; to prepare a framework for further research in the field of modern Russian communication practices, which could become the basis for the formation of a political community. In the first part of the work presented conceptualization of the public sphere and public communication in the classical theory it shows how consensually-oriented communication can be the basis of a political community. The second part is devoted to criticism of the consensual model of public communication; It shows how consensus can be associated with the mechanisms of exclusion from the public sphere and the political community. The third part is devoted to the normative ideal of auditory democracy, which allows you to create a political community on the basis of significant dissensusa; It shows the extent to which modern Russian public sphere responds to this ideal.