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The Effects of Tobacco 21 Laws on Smoking and Vaping: Evidence from Panel Data and Biomarkers

Author

Listed:
  • Cotti, Chad D.

    (Department of Ag, Food, and Resource Economics Michigan State University and Center for Demography of Health and Aging University of Wisconsin-Madison)

  • DeCicca, Philip

    (Department of Economics Ball State University Muncie, IN 47303 and NBER)

  • Nesson, Erik T.

    (Wake Forest University, Economics Department)

Abstract

We use data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco Use and Health (PATH), a longitudinal data set including self-reported and biomarker measures of tobacco use, to examine the effects of state-level tobacco 21 (T21) laws on smoking and vaping. T21 laws reduce self-reported cigarette smoking among 18-to-20 year olds, concentrated in males. Initial non-users who “age-out” of treatment are less likely to subsequently initiate self-reported smoking or vaping. Treated smokers are less likely to buy their own cigarettes and more likely to buy cigarettes in a different state. Biomarker results are mixed, and we find some evidence of a reduction in nicotine exposure but less evidence for a reduction in exposure to tobacco. Finally, we test for non-classical measurement error. T21 laws reduce the probability that clinically identified likely cigarette smokers self-report as smokers, which may increase the apparent effect of T21 laws on cigarette smoking as measured by self-reports.

Suggested Citation

  • Cotti, Chad D. & DeCicca, Philip & Nesson, Erik T., 2024. "The Effects of Tobacco 21 Laws on Smoking and Vaping: Evidence from Panel Data and Biomarkers," Working Papers 113, Wake Forest University, Economics Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:wfuewp:0113
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Tobacco T21; Smoking; Vaping; Biomarkers;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • I12 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Health Behavior
    • I18 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health - - - Government Policy; Regulation; Public Health
    • K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law

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