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Barriers to Entry: Decomposing the Gender Gap in Job Search in Urban Pakistan

Author

Listed:
  • Gentile, Elisabetta

    (Asian Development Bank)

  • Kohli , Nikita

    (Duke University)

  • Subramanian, Nivedhitha

    (Bates College)

  • Tirmazee, Zunia

    (Lahore School of Economics)

  • Vyborny, Kate

    (Duke University)

Abstract

Gender gaps in labor market outcomes persist in South Asia. An open question is whether supply or demand side constraints play a larger role. We investigate this using matched data from three sources in Lahore, Pakistan: representative samples of jobseekers and employers; administrative data from a job matching platform; and an incentivized resume rating experiment. Employers’ gender restrictions are a larger constraint on women’s job opportunities than supply-side decisions. At higher levels of education, demand-side barriers relax, allowing women to qualify for more jobs but at lower salaries. On the supply side, educated women become more selective in their search.

Suggested Citation

  • Gentile, Elisabetta & Kohli , Nikita & Subramanian, Nivedhitha & Tirmazee, Zunia & Vyborny, Kate, 2023. "Barriers to Entry: Decomposing the Gender Gap in Job Search in Urban Pakistan," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 707, Asian Development Bank.
    • Handle: RePEc:ris:adbewp:0707
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    gender; discrimination; job search; jobs platform; vacancies; applications;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J23 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Labor Demand
    • R23 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Household Analysis - - - Regional Migration; Regional Labor Markets; Population

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