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Heterogeneous Convergence

Author

Listed:
  • Andrew T. Young

    (College of Business and Economics, West Virginia University)

  • Matthew J. Higgins

    (College of Management, Georgia Institute of Technology)

  • Daniel Levy

    (Department of Economics, Bar-Ilan University; Department of Economics, Emory University; RCEA)

Abstract

We use U.S. county-level data containing 3,058 cross-sectional observations and 41 conditioning variables to study economic growth and explore possible heterogeneity in growth determination across 32 individual states. Using a 3SLS-IV estimation method, we find that all statistically significant convergence rates (for 32 individual states) are above 2 percent, with an average of 8.1 percent. For 7 states the convergence rate can be rejected as identical to at least one other state’s convergence rate with 95 percent confidence. Convergence rates are negatively correlated with initial income. The size of government at all levels of decentralization is either unproductive or negatively correlated with growth. Educational attainment has a non-linear relationship with growth. The size of the finance, insurance and real estate, and entertainment industries are positively correlated with growth, while the size of the education industry is negatively correlated with growth. Heterogeneity in the effects of balanced growth path determinants across individual states is harder to detect than in convergence rates.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew T. Young & Matthew J. Higgins & Daniel Levy, 2011. "Heterogeneous Convergence," Working Paper series 18_11, Rimini Centre for Economic Analysis.
    • Handle: RePEc:rim:rimwps:18_11
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    3. Tang, Pan & Zhang, Ying & Baaquie, Belal E. & Podobnik, Boris, 2016. "Classical convergence versus Zipf rank approach: Evidence from China’s local-level data," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 443(C), pages 246-253.
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    7. Lekha Chakraborty & Pinaki Chakraborty, 2018. "Federalism, fiscal asymmetries and economic convergence: evidence from Indian States," Asia-Pacific Journal of Regional Science, Springer, vol. 2(1), pages 83-113, April.
    8. Mateusz Pipień & Sylwia Roszkowska, 2019. "The heterogeneity of convergence in transition countries," Post-Communist Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 31(1), pages 75-105, January.
    9. Matthew J. Higgins & Donald J. Lacombe & Briana S. Stenard & Andrew T. Young, 2021. "Evaluating the effects of Small Business Administration lending on growth," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 57(1), pages 23-45, June.
    10. Matthew J. Higgins & Andrew T. Young & Daniel Levy, 2010. "Robust correlates of county-level growth in the United States," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 17(3), pages 293-296, February.
    11. Young, Andrew & Higgins, Matthew & Levy, Daniel, 2007. "Black Populations and Economic Growth: An Extreme Bounds Analysis of Mississippi County-Level Data," MPRA Paper 1646, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Andrew T. Young & Matthew J. Higgins & Donald J. Lacombe & Briana Sell, 2014. "The Direct and Indirect Effects of Small Business Administration Lending on Growth: Evidence from U.S. County-Level Data," Working Papers 14-35, Department of Economics, West Virginia University.
    13. Roland-Holst, David & Sugiyarto, Guntur, 2014. "Growth Horizons for a Changing Asian Regional Economy," ADB Economics Working Paper Series 392, Asian Development Bank.
    14. Sarah J. Carrington & Pablo Jiménez‐Ayora, 2021. "Shedding light on the convergence debate: Using luminosity data to investigate economic convergence in Ecuador," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(1), pages 200-227, February.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Economic Growth; Conditional Convergence; County Level Data;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O40 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - General
    • O11 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Macroeconomic Analyses of Economic Development
    • O18 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Urban, Rural, Regional, and Transportation Analysis; Housing; Infrastructure
    • O51 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economywide Country Studies - - - U.S.; Canada
    • R11 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - General Regional Economics - - - Regional Economic Activity: Growth, Development, Environmental Issues, and Changes
    • H50 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - General
    • H70 - Public Economics - - State and Local Government; Intergovernmental Relations - - - General

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