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L'idéaltype : Une démarche ancienne. Essai de modernisation (The idealtype: an old thought processes)

Author

Listed:
  • Jean Lin CHaix

    (labrii, ULCO)

  • Chrystelle Gaujard

    (labrii, ULCO)

Abstract

L’idéaltype, outil heuristique créé par Max Weber est populaire, mais peu usité dans la recherche en Management. Epistémologiquement, en sciences humaines, il est impossible de déterminer des lois exactes, comme pour les sciences dites « dures » car l’irrationalité et l’inconscience des acteurs fait varier les phénomènes. C’est ici que se trouve la pertinence de l’idéaltype : il caricature les régularités observées et permet ainsi de fixer un point crédible dans la complexité de la réalité pour y mesurer ce que l’on veut observer. Comment construire cet idéaltype ? Peut-on renouveler l’approche en y appliquant des outils modernes ? L’objectif de cet article est de démontrer l’apport pratique et concret de cet instrument de mesure du complexe en rappelant ses fondements, et en l’appliquant à une problématique contemporaine en Management : la recherche d’un nouveau type d’organisation, à partir des nombreux récits et observations faits sur les start-up et la nouvelle économie. Idealtype is an heuristic tool built by Max Weber. Even if it is well known, this tool is not usually used for management research. Human sciences epistemology shows that this is impossible, on the contrary to more rational sciences, to establish exact laws due to the irrational behaviours of individuals, causing phenomena to vary. This is why the idealtype is relevant. Although its construction principles are not clearly explained, it helps to anchor a point among the complexity of the reality and to measure what needs to be observed. How then can we conciliate these oppositions? How can we update this approach for actual issues? This paper deals with the operational and practical advantages of this measurement tool. We will remind the principles of its construction then we will implement this approach for a contemporary management issue: the research of a new organization type built from studies and observations on start-ups and new economy.

Suggested Citation

  • Jean Lin CHaix & Chrystelle Gaujard, 2007. "L'idéaltype : Une démarche ancienne. Essai de modernisation (The idealtype: an old thought processes)," Working Papers 147, Laboratoire de Recherche sur l'Industrie et l'Innovation. ULCO / Research Unit on Industry and Innovation.
  • Handle: RePEc:rii:riidoc:147
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    idealtype; Max Weber; management;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • B40 - Schools of Economic Thought and Methodology - - Economic Methodology - - - General

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