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New Evidence on the Size and Drivers of the Shadow Economy in Spain: A Model Averaging Approach

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  • Rios, Vicente

Abstract

This study investigates the evolution of the shadow economy in Spain during the period 1986-2016 using the Currency Demand Approach by means of Bayesian Model Averaging econometric techniques. The results of the empirical analysis suggest that the average share of the underground economy as a percentage of the GDP during 1986-2016 was the 18.2% whereas in 2016, the estimated size was the 11.95%. The estimated figures for the period under consideration are in line with the averaged estimates of previous studies for the same time frame. Nevertheless, a remarkable difference between previous analysis and the estimated pattern stemming from this study is that the size of the shadow economy depicts an inverted U shape time profile, with a marked reduction in the years after the Great Recession. With the estimates of the shadow economy in hand, the importance of the drivers of the shadow economy in Spain is investigated by means of Bayesian Model Averaging methods. The main finding of this analysis is that the key factors driving variations in the size of the shadow economy are the taxes, the level of education and the distribution of employment across sectors.

Suggested Citation

  • Rios, Vicente, 2019. "New Evidence on the Size and Drivers of the Shadow Economy in Spain: A Model Averaging Approach," MPRA Paper 97504, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:97504
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. M. Koubková, 2023. "Continuity of sharing and shadow economy," Economics Working Papers 2023-05, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Faculty of Economics.
    2. Herranz, Moisés Meroño & Turino, Francesco, 2023. "Tax evasion, fiscal policy and public debt: Evidence from Spain," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 47(3).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Shadow Economy; Spain; Currency Demand; Bayesian Model Averaging;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C11 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Bayesian Analysis: General
    • H11 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • H26 - Public Economics - - Taxation, Subsidies, and Revenue - - - Tax Evasion and Avoidance
    • K42 - Law and Economics - - Legal Procedure, the Legal System, and Illegal Behavior - - - Illegal Behavior and the Enforcement of Law

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