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Non-performing assets in Indian Banks: This time it is different

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  • Sengupta, Rajeswari
  • Vardhan, Harsh

Abstract

Growing non-performing assets is a recurrent problem in the Indian banking sector. Over the past two decades, there have been two such episodes when the banking sector was severely impaired by balance sheet problems. In this paper we do a comparative analysis of the two banking crisis episodes-the one in the late 1990s and one that started in the aftermath of the 2008 Global Financial Crisis and is yet to be resolved. We describe the macroeconomic and banking environment preceding the episodes, the degree and nature of the crises and also discuss the policy responses that have been undertaken. We conclude by drawing policy lessons from this discussion and suggest some measures that can be adopted to better deal with a future balance sheet related crisis in the banking sector such that the impact on the real economy is minimal.

Suggested Citation

  • Sengupta, Rajeswari & Vardhan, Harsh, 2017. "Non-performing assets in Indian Banks: This time it is different," MPRA Paper 81403, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 16 Sep 2017.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:81403
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    1. Radhika Pandey & Ila Patnaik & Ajay Shah, 2017. "Dating business cycles in India," Indian Growth and Development Review, Emerald Group Publishing Limited, vol. 10(1), pages 32-61, April.
    2. Banerjee, Abhijit V. & Cole, Shawn & Duflo, Esther, 2005. "Banking Reform in India," India Policy Forum, National Council of Applied Economic Research, vol. 1(1), pages 277-332.
    3. Kumbhakar, Subal C & Sarkar, Subrata, 2003. "Deregulation, Ownership, and Productivity Growth in the Banking Industry: Evidence from India," Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 35(3), pages 403-424, June.
    4. Mr. Fabian Valencia & Mr. Luc Laeven, 2012. "Systemic Banking Crises Database: An Update," IMF Working Papers 2012/163, International Monetary Fund.
    5. A Das & S Ghosh, 2007. "Determinants of Credit Risk in Indian State-owned Banks: An Empirical Investigation," Economic Issues Journal Articles, Economic Issues, vol. 12(2), pages 27-46, September.
    6. Saibal Ghosh & D. M. Nachane & Aditya Narain & Satyananda Sahoo, 2003. "Capital requirements and bank behaviour: an empirical analysis of Indian public sector banks," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 15(2), pages 145-156.
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    Cited by:

    1. S. Mahendra Dev & Rajeswari Sengupta, 2020. "Covid-19: Impact on the Indian economy," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2020-013, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    2. Sonia Chawla & Seema Rani, 2019. "Conundrum of Non-performing Assets Over Two Decades: An Analysis of Punjab National Bank," Management and Labour Studies, XLRI Jamshedpur, School of Business Management & Human Resources, vol. 44(3), pages 263-284, August.
    3. Rajeswari Sengupta & Lei Lei Son & Harsh Vardhan, 2022. "A Study of the Non-Banking Finance Companies in India," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2022-009, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    4. Ahmad, Wasim & Tiwari, Shiv Ratan & Wadhwani, Akshay & Khan, Mohammad Azeem & Bekiros, Stelios, 2023. "Financial networks and systemic risk vulnerabilities: A tale of Indian banks," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    5. Rajeswari Sengupta & Harsh Vardhan & Akhilesh Verma, 2024. "Bank capital and monetary policy transmission: Analyzing the central bank's dilemma in the Indian context," Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai Working Papers 2024-019, Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research, Mumbai, India.
    6. Samaresh Bardhan & Rajesh Sharma & Vivekananda Mukherjee, 2019. "Threshold Effect of Bank-specific Determinants of Non-performing Assets: An Application in Indian Banking," Journal of Emerging Market Finance, Institute for Financial Management and Research, vol. 18(1_suppl), pages 1-34, April.
    7. Anju Goswami, 2023. "COVID-19: boon/disguise for Indian banks?," Journal of Banking Regulation, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 24(4), pages 381-402, December.
    8. Nikam, Supriya, 2024. "Assessing the Relationship between Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) and Profitability of Banks in India," MPRA Paper 121624, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Bhabani Mishra & S. S. Rath, 2023. "A Comparative Study of Non-performing Assets Using Non-parametric Test: Indian Scheduled Commercial Banks," Arthaniti: Journal of Economic Theory and Practice, , vol. 22(2), pages 228-250, December.
    10. Nithin Mani & Alok Kumar Mishra & Jijin Pandikasala, 2023. "How Serious is India’s Nonperforming Assets Crisis? A Structural Satellite Version of the Financial-Macroeconometric Model," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 30(4), pages 761-794, December.
    11. Narayan, Shivani & Kumar, Dilip & Bouri, Elie, 2023. "Systemically important financial institutions and drivers of systemic risk: Evidence from India," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).
    12. Gupta, Juhi & Kashiramka, Smita, 2020. "Financial stability of banks in India: Does liquidity creation matter?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Non-performing assets; Public-sector banks; Capital adequacy; Bank recapitalisation; Balance-sheet crisis.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • G28 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Government Policy and Regulation

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