Development theory and gendered approach to development: some theoretical issues in the Third World’s perspective

Several gendered approaches to development– like the variants (equity, ‘anti-poverty’ and ‘efficiency’ approaches) of WID (Women in Development), GAD (General and Development), DAWN (Development Alternatives’ for a New Era)–influenced, mainly, by liberal and social feminists have emerged, in part as critiques of the major theoretical approaches to development– modernization theory, underdevelopment and dependency theory and neo-liberalism-in the Third World countries since the 1950s and linked them to policy prescription. A major Policy Prescription that comes out from this analysis is the predominance of ‘efficiency approach’ of WID– development plans and projects are made more efficient and effective through women’s economic contribution-with active involvement of women in development polices and projects. Although parts of the feminists agenda have been incorporated into development plans and projects, the new directions have wider, impact for gender equity and efficiency in all development policy and planning in these countries in future