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Empowerment as a zero-sum game

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  • Knack, Stephen

Abstract

Empowerment of the poor does not necessarily make them better off – or make the non-poor worse off. In some cases, empowerment may be inefficient, i.e. a negative-sum game. In other cases, it is a zero-sum game, as the poor can benefit only at the expense of someone else. But in many cases, it can be positive-sum, and these opportunities should be identified and pursued by reformers. Attempts by donor organizations and NGOs to empower the poor should focus on means by which the poor are likely to be made better off without making others worse off. Not only is this approach consistent with efficiency, it will also often be the only politically feasible way to empower the poor.

Suggested Citation

  • Knack, Stephen, 2004. "Empowerment as a zero-sum game," MPRA Paper 28069, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2005.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:28069
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    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/28069/1/MPRA_paper_28069.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    empowerment; development; poverty; inequality; institutinoal development; democracy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • O43 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Institutions and Growth
    • P16 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Capitalist Economies - - - Capitalist Institutions; Welfare State

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