IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/p/pra/mprapa/23573.html
   My bibliography  Save this paper

An Analysis of the State of Empowerment of Females vis-à-vis Males at Old Ages in India

Author

Listed:
  • Bakshi, Sanjeev
  • Pathak, Prasanta

Abstract

The problem of ageing population in the developing countries has a special gender dimension as females not only outnumber males among older adults, but also differ from their male counterparts with respect to economic status, marital status and health status. The state of well being of older adults is understood partially by their level of empowerment. Importance of social, economic and health aspects in daily life makes it worth to investigate the empowerment of older female vis-à-vis older males in social, economic and health spheres. Active participation in either or both of social and economic matters indicates that an older adult has a decision making role in either or both of the two matters. Thus, active participation of older adults in socio-economic matters is an indicator of their empowerment. The present study addresses these issues using the 42nd Round data of the National Sample Survey (NSS). This study defines certain empowerment indicators and investigates their variation and interrelationships across the provinces. A three tier conceptual framework consisting of individual, household and social characteristics has been proposed to find out the factors that are associated with empowerment. The gender dimension of the state of empowerment has also been investigated. The findings establish that certain diseases and economic dependence adversely affect the state of empowerment of older adults. Currently married older females are found more empowered than other older females. The findings emphasize the need of providing greater support to older females in India for maintaining good health and economic condition.

Suggested Citation

  • Bakshi, Sanjeev & Pathak, Prasanta, 2006. "An Analysis of the State of Empowerment of Females vis-à-vis Males at Old Ages in India," MPRA Paper 23573, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:23573
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/23573/1/MPRA_paper_23573.pdf
    File Function: original version
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/104667/1/MPRA_paper_23573.pdf
    File Function: revised version
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Prabir C. Bhattacharya, 2006. "Economic Development, Gender Inequality, and Demographic Outcomes: Evidence from India," Population and Development Review, The Population Council, Inc., vol. 32(2), pages 263-292, June.
    2. Kar, Snehendu B. & Pascual, Catherine A. & Chickering, Kirstin L., 1999. "Empowerment of women for health promotion: a meta-analysis," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 49(11), pages 1431-1460, December.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bakshi, Sanjeev & Pathak, Prasanta, 2013. "Ageing and the socioeconomic life of older adults in India: An empirical exposition," MPRA Paper 68651, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Stephan Klasen, 2008. "Missing Women: Some Recent Controversies on Levels and Trends in Gender Bias in Mortality," Ibero America Institute for Econ. Research (IAI) Discussion Papers 168, Ibero-America Institute for Economic Research.
    3. Paudel, Jayash & de Araujo, Pedro, 2017. "Demographic responses to a political transformation: Evidence of women’s empowerment from Nepal," Journal of Comparative Economics, Elsevier, vol. 45(2), pages 325-343.
    4. Prabir C. Bhattacharya, 2012. "Gender Inequality and the Sex Ratio in Three Emerging Economies," Heriot-Watt University Economics Discussion Papers 1201, Department of Economics, School of Management and Languages, Heriot Watt University.
    5. World Bank, 2015. "Morocco -- Mind the Gap," World Bank Publications - Reports 22274, The World Bank Group.
    6. Bataka, Hodabalo, 2024. "Global value chains participation and gender inequalities in Sub-Saharan Africa: Importance of women education," International Economics, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    7. MATTHEW McCARTNEY & AISHA GILL, 2007. "From South Asia to Diaspora: Missing Women and Migration," Working Papers 152, Department of Economics, SOAS University of London, UK.
    8. Prabir C. Bhattacharya, 2009. "On Adverse Sex Ratios in Some Indian States: A Note," CERT Discussion Papers 0101, Centre for Economic Reform and Transformation, Heriot Watt University.
    9. Bakshi, Sanjeev & Pathak, Prasanta, 2009. "A statistical exposition of the state of empowerment at older ages in India," MPRA Paper 33921, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Prabir C. Bhattacharya, 2012. "On Adverse Sex Ratios in Some Indian States," Indian Journal of Gender Studies, Centre for Women's Development Studies, vol. 19(3), pages 469-480, October.
    11. Manabu Furuta & Prabir Bhattacharya & Takahiro Sato, 2017. "Effects of Trade Liberalization on the Gender Wage Gap: Evidences from Panel Data of the Indian Manufacturing Sector," Discussion Paper Series DP2017-22, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University, revised Mar 2018.
    12. Godoy, Ricardo A. & Patel, Ankur & Reyes-García, Victoria & Seyfried, Craig Jr. & Leonard, William R. & McDade, Thomas & Tanner, Susan & Vadez, Vincent, 2006. "Nutritional status and spousal empowerment among native Amazonians," Social Science & Medicine, Elsevier, vol. 63(6), pages 1517-1530, September.
    13. Rebeca Echávarri & Roberto Ezcurra, 2010. "Education and gender bias in the sex ratio at birth: Evidence from India," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 47(1), pages 249-268, February.
    14. Sanjeev Bakshi & Prasanta Pathak, 2016. "Aging and the Socioeconomic Life of Older Adults in India," SAGE Open, , vol. 6(1), pages 21582440156, January.
    15. Delia Voronca & Rebekah J. Walker & Leonard E. Egede, 2018. "Relationship between empowerment and wealth: trends and predictors in Kenya between 2003 and 2008–2009," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 63(5), pages 641-649, June.
    16. Elnekave, Eldad & Gross, Revital, 2004. "The healthcare experiences of Arab Israeli women in a reformed healthcare system," Health Policy, Elsevier, vol. 69(1), pages 101-116, July.
    17. Zhiyong Lin & Sonalde Desai & Feinian Chen, 2020. "The Emergence of Educational Hypogamy in India," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 57(4), pages 1215-1240, August.
    18. Chakraborty, Tanika, 2015. "Trade Liberalization in a Traditional Society: Implications for Relative Female Survival," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 158-170.
    19. Bhattacharya, Prabir C, 2012. "Gender Inequality and the Sex Ratio in Three Emerging Economies," SIRE Discussion Papers 2012-31, Scottish Institute for Research in Economics (SIRE).
    20. Saxena, Vibhor & Bindal, Ishaan & LeMay-Boucher, Philippe, 2020. "Social groups and credit shocks: Evidence of inequalities in consumption smoothing," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 311-326.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    ageing; autonomy; empowerment; older adults; role; status;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:23573. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Joachim Winter (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://edirc.repec.org/data/vfmunde.html .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.