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Digital Innovations for Increasing Financial Inclusion: CBDC, Cryptocurrency, Embedded finance, Artificial Intelligence, WaaS, Fintech, Bigtech, and DeFi

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  • Ozili, Peterson K

Abstract

Digital innovations are emerging to solve known problems using new digital tools or technologies. Digital innovations also have wide application for financial inclusion. Private sector agents are using digital innovations to increase financial inclusion in remarkable ways. This chapter explores the recent digital innovations that are changing the financial inclusion landscape toward digital financial inclusion. The study used the discourse analysis methodology. It was found that digital innovations, such as central bank digital currency (CBDC), cryptocurrency, embedded finance, artificial intelligence, wallet as a service (WaaS), Fintech, Bigtech, and decentralized finance (DeFi), are helping to accelerate digital financial inclusion in many parts of the world. Each of these digital innovations serve a specific purpose, and they contribute to accelerating digital financial inclusion in unique ways, even though they all pose some risks that can be mitigated with careful and purposeful regulation.

Suggested Citation

  • Ozili, Peterson K, 2024. "Digital Innovations for Increasing Financial Inclusion: CBDC, Cryptocurrency, Embedded finance, Artificial Intelligence, WaaS, Fintech, Bigtech, and DeFi," MPRA Paper 121848, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:121848
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Beck, Thorsten & Gambacorta, Leonardo & Huang, Yiping & Li, Zhenhua & Qiu, Han, 2022. "Big techs, QR code payments and financial inclusion," CEPR Discussion Papers 17297, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Digital innovation; Financial inclusion; CBDC; Cryptocurrency; Embedded finance; Artificial intelligence; Wallet as a service; Fintech; Bigtech; DeFi.;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G21 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Banks; Other Depository Institutions; Micro Finance Institutions; Mortgages
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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