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Country Risk and Sustainable Development: Mediating Role of Economic Growth

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  • Sulehri, Fiaz Ahmad
  • Ali, Amjad

Abstract

Sustainable development is of great significance for present and future generations. This study examines the mediation role of economic growth on sustainable development through country risk. We have employed the structural equation modeling (SEM) technique to examine the direct and indirect effects of exogenous and endogenous variables. We conducted this analysis using a sample of 24 countries that contributed approximately 65% of global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from 2000 to 2019. The empirical analysis based on direct effects establishes that country risk reduces economic growth and sustainable development. Interestingly, the empirics of indirect effects reveal that country risk has a positive and significant indirect impact on sustainable development by using economic growth as a mediator. Moreover, the negative direct effect of country risk on sustainable development is greater than the total negative effect due to the positive indirect effect. Finally, policymakers should minimize country risk to promote economic growth, ensuring environmental, social, and economic sustainability for the safety of current and future generations.

Suggested Citation

  • Sulehri, Fiaz Ahmad & Ali, Amjad, 2024. "Country Risk and Sustainable Development: Mediating Role of Economic Growth," MPRA Paper 121290, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    • Handle: RePEc:pra:mprapa:121290
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    File URL: https://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/121290/1/MPRA_paper_121290.pdf
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Sulehri, Fiaz Ahmad & Ali, Amjad, 2020. "Impact of Political Uncertainty on Pakistan Stock Exchange (1990-1999): An Event Study Approach," MPRA Paper 104623, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Marc Audi & Amjad Ali & Mohamad Kassem, 2020. "Greenhouse Gases: A Review of Losses and Benefits," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 10(1), pages 403-418.
    3. Marc Audi & Amjad Ali, 2023. "The Role of Environmental Conditions and Purchasing Power Parity in Determining Quality of Life among Big Asian Cities," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(3), pages 292-305, May.
    4. Amjad Ali & Marc Audi & Ismail Senturk & Yannick Roussel, 2022. "Do Sectoral Growth Promote CO2 Emissions in Pakistan? Time Series Analysis in Presence of Structural Break," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 12(2), pages 410-425, March.
    5. Amjad Ali & Marc Audi, 2016. "The Impact of Income Inequality, Environmental Degradation and Globalization on Life Expectancy in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis," International Journal of Economics and Empirical Research (IJEER), The Economics and Social Development Organization (TESDO), vol. 4(4), pages 182-193, April.
    6. Amjad Ali & Marc Audi, 2018. "Macroeconomic Environment and Taxes Revenues in Pakistan: An Application of ARDL Approach," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 7(1), pages 30-39, March.
    7. Marc Audi & Amjad Ali, 2023. "Unveiling the Role of Business Freedom to Determine Environmental Degradation in Developing Countries," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 13(5), pages 157-164, September.
    8. Audi, Marc & Ali, Amjad, 2018. "Determinants of Environmental Degradation under the Perspective of Globalization: A Panel Analysis of Selected MENA Nations," MPRA Paper 85776, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Amjad Ali & Marc Audi & Chan Bibi & Yannick Roussel, 2021. "The Impact of Gender Inequality and Environmental Degradation on Human Well-being in the Case of Pakistan: A Time Series Analysis," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 11(2), pages 92-99.
    10. Amjad Ali & Marc Audi & Yannick Roussel, 2021. "Natural Resources Depletion, Renewable Energy Consumption and Environmental Degradation: A Comparative Analysis of Developed and Developing World," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 11(3), pages 251-260.
    11. Fiaz Ahmad Sulehri & Sana Sarwar Sulehri & Rubina Fiaz Sulehri, 2023. "Unveiling Economic Distress In South Asia: Does Stock Market Performance Matter?," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 12(2), pages 447-456.
    12. Eric Joel Caro, 2017. "Effects of Macroeconomic Factors in the Performance of Micro Finance Institutions in Ecuador," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 7(5), pages 547-551.
    13. Ali, Amjad & Sumaira, Sumaira & Siddique, Hafiz Muhammad Abubakar & Ashiq, Saima, 2023. "Impact of Economic Growth, Energy Consumption and Urbanization on Carbon Dioxide Emissions in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia," MPRA Paper 118832, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    14. Audi, Marc & Ali, Amjad, 2016. "Environmental Degradation, Energy consumption, Population Density and Economic Development in Lebanon: A time series Analysis (1971-2014)," MPRA Paper 82494, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2017.
    15. Ali, Amjad & Ur Rehman, Hafeez, 2015. "Macroeconomic Instability and Its Impact on Gross Domestic Product: An Empirical Analysis of Pakistan," MPRA Paper 82496, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 2015.
    16. Mieczysław Adamowicz, 2022. "Green Deal, Green Growth and Green Economy as a Means of Support for Attaining the Sustainable Development Goals," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-32, May.
    17. Muhammad Shahid & Amjad Ali, 2015. "The Impact of Decentralized Economic Affairs Expenditures on Economic Growth: A Time Series Analysis of Pakistan," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 4(3), pages 136-148, September.
    18. Hickel, Jason, 2020. "The sustainable development index: Measuring the ecological efficiency of human development in the anthropocene," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 167(C).
    19. Thomas Pogge, 2004. "The First United Nations Millennium Development Goal: A cause for celebration?," Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 5(3), pages 377-397.
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    Cited by:

    1. Fiaz Ahmad Sulehri & Amjad Ali, 2024. "Nexus among Regulatory Framework, Economic Growth and Sustainable Development: Insights from Structural Equation Modeling Approach," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 13(1), pages 110-117.
    2. Fiaz Ahmad Sulehri & Marc Audi & Marc Poulin & Amjad Ali, 2024. "Nexus between Innovation and Ecological Impact: A Moderated Mediation Investigation through Structural Equation Modeling Approach," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 14(4), pages 509-518, July.
    3. Sulehri, Fiaz Ahmad & Ali, Amjad, 2024. "Financial Inclusion Dynamics: A Cross-Country Examination of Bank Concentration and Policy Strategies," MPRA Paper 121284, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Sulehri, Fiaz Ahmad & Ali, Amjad, 2024. "Assessing the Pathways of Sustainable Development: A Structural Equation Modeling Investigation of Regulatory Framework, Innovation, and Economic Indicators," MPRA Paper 121286, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    5. Syed Shoaib Nazir & Taimur Ashiq & Mazhar Farid Chishti & Riffat Ullah & Athar Marwat, 2024. "Assessing Financial Stability through ESG: The Impact of Sustainable Finance on Commercial Banks listed in Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX)," Bulletin of Business and Economics (BBE), Research Foundation for Humanity (RFH), vol. 13(3), pages 120-129.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Country Risk; Economic Growth; Sustainable Development; Structural Equation Model;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F30 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - General
    • O44 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Growth and Aggregate Productivity - - - Environment and Growth
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth

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