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El seguro en la administración de riesgos de la actividad agropecuaria

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  • CARDENAS, J. REYES ALTAMIRANO

Abstract

Agricultural insurance has been one of the most favored policies to stabilize the income of producers by lost due to natural causes and pests and diseases. In many countries, these programs have been managed by governments and, in general were characterized by high fiscal cost, which has led to the search for new, more efficient and less expensive schemes. In Mexico, the insurance system for the rural environment was modified in 1990 to develop a scheme involving the government, private insurance companies and producers. This research was developed to characterize this new assurance system. The evaluation of the incorporation of the producers in the provision of the insurance service through the insurance funds was also made. The results show an insurance service derived from the coverage of the credit market, concentrated in Sonora, Sinaloa and Tamaulipas that have the most developed agriculture and the lowest accident rate in Mexico. The insured area is distributed among AGROASEMEX (40%), 196 insurance funds in operation (31%) and four private insurance companies (21%). Between 1990 and the year 2000, AGROASEMEX recorded a loss ratio expressed by the ratio between compensation and premiums of 0.75 against 0.56 of the insurance funds. To cover the indemnities, the Funds require 5.15% of the value of the sum insured against the 6.8% required by AGROASEMEX. The existence of producer organizations to provide agricultural insurance asymmetries has prevented the resources of the surpluses (446 million between 1990 and 2000) and those of the reserves from leaving the sector and allows producers to keep it under their control. RESUMEN El seguro agrícola ha sido uno de los instrumentos más favorecidos para estabilizar los ingresos de los productores debido a causas naturales y por plagas y enfermedades. En muchos países estos programas han sido manejados por los gobiernos y en general se caracterizan por su alto costo fiscal lo que ha llevado a buscar nuevos esquemas más eficientes y menos costosos. En México, el sistema de aseguramiento para el medio rural se modificó en 1990 para desarrollar un esquema en donde participan el gobierno, las compañías privadas de seguro y los productores. Esta tesis se desarrolló para caracterizar este nuevo sistema de aseguramiento. Asimismo se hizo la evaluación de la incorporación de los productores en la prestación del servicio de seguro a través de los Fondos de aseguramiento. Los resultados muestran un servicio de seguro derivado de la cobertura del mercado de crédito, concentrado en Sonora, Sinaloa y Tamaulipas que cuentan con la agricultura más desarrollada y de menor siniestralidad en México. La superficie asegurada se distribuye entre AGROASEMEX (40%), 196 fondos de aseguramiento en operación (31%) y cuatro compañías de seguro privadas (21%). Entre 1990 y el año 2000, AGROASEMEX registró un coeficiente de pérdida expresado por la relación entre indemnizaciones y primas de 0.75 contra un 0.56 de los fondos de aseguramiento. Para cubrir las indemnizaciones, los Fondos requieren del 5.15% del valor de la suma asegurada contra el 6.8% que requiere AGROASEMEX. La existencia de organizaciones de productores para proveerse asimismos el seguro agrícola ha evitado que los recursos de los excedentes (446 millones entre 1990 y el 2000) y los de las reservas salgan del sector y permite que los productores lo mantengan bajo su control.

Suggested Citation

  • Cardenas, J. Reyes Altamirano, 2001. "El seguro en la administración de riesgos de la actividad agropecuaria," Thesis Commons ejmyb_v1, Center for Open Science.
  • Handle: RePEc:osf:thesis:ejmyb_v1
    DOI: 10.31219/osf.io/ejmyb_v1
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