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International Comparative Evidence on Global Value Chains

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  • Koen De Backer

    (OECD)

  • Norihiko Yamano

    (OECD)

Abstract

The past decades have witnessed a rapid globalisation of economic activity which has significantly changed the outlook of the world economy. International production, trade and investments are increasingly organised within so-called global value chains (GVCs) where the different stages in the production process are located across different economies. Until now, GVCs have been largely discussed from a conceptual and theoretical view, but empirical work on international fragmentation has stayed a bit behind.The review of the available data and indicators on GVCs in this paper shows the increasing importance of GVCs in today's global economy, but at the same time clearly highlights some major shortcomings. While the empirical evidence based on trade data is less convincing, Input-Output data clearly reveal the growing spread of international production networks. Indicators on imported intermediates, offshoring and vertical specialisation all illustrate the growing fragmentation of production across more economies. Trade data seem to show the increasing importance of GVCs only in an indirect way but the existing trade data are not detailed enough and are not collected on the right level of analysis to analyse the international fragmentation and GVCs.Policy makers show an increasing interest in GVCs because of the pervasive effects GVCs have on national economies and are especially looking for more and better policy evidence. Important policy issues like the impact of GVCs on the competitiveness of countries and attractiveness for international investments can only be addressed by new and better metrics. The OECD is developing new empirical evidence studying the emergence of GVCs based on international trade data and Input-Output data. In addition, the OECD is currently cooperating with other international agencies and academic experts to develop new metrics for GVCs, for example data on trade in value added. Données factuelles internationales comparables sur les chaînes de valeur mondiales Depuis quelques décennies, l’activité économique planétaire connaît une mondialisation rapide, qui transforme profondément le paysage de l’économie mondiale. La production, les échanges et l’investissement internationaux s’organisent de plus en plus en chaînes de valeur mondiales (CVM) dans lesquelles les différents segments des processus de production sont répartis sur plusieurs territoires. Jusqu’à présent, les CVM ont principalement été étudiées d’un point de vue conceptuel et théorique, les travaux empiriques sur la segmentation internationale ayant été quelque peu délaissés. L’examen des données et indicateurs disponibles sur les CVM dans cette étude met en évidence l’importance accrue des CVM dans l’économie mondiale, tout en faisant clairement apparaître d’importants manques. Si les éléments empiriques reposant sur les chiffres des échanges sont peu convaincants, les données d’entrées-sorties montrent clairement l’extension grandissante des réseaux internationaux de production. Les indicateurs sur les importations de produits intermédiaires, sur les délocalisations et sur la spécialisation verticale illustrent tous la segmentation croissante de la production entre un plus grand nombre d’économies. Les données sur les échanges semblent montrer l’importance croissante des CVM, d’une manière indirecte, et celles dont on dispose ne sont pas suffisamment détaillées et ne sont pas collectées à un niveau d’analyse qui conviendrait pour analyser la segmentation internationale et les CVM. Les responsables politiques manifestent un intérêt croissant pour les CVM en raison de leurs effets profonds sur les économies nationales, et ils ont particulièrement besoin de données plus exhaustives et de meilleure qualité. Certains enjeux importants pour les politiques, tels que l’impact des CVM sur la compétitivité des pays et leur attractivité pour l’investissement international, ne peuvent être abordés qu’à l’aide de mesures nouvelles et de meilleure qualité. L’OCDE produit de nouveaux éléments empiriques pour étudier l’émergence des CVM à partir des données sur les échanges internationaux et les entrées-sorties. Par ailleurs, l’OCDE coopère actuellement avec d’autres instances internationales et avec des experts universitaires à la construction de nouvelles mesures pour les CVM, par exemple de données sur les échanges en valeur ajoutée.

Suggested Citation

  • Koen De Backer & Norihiko Yamano, 2012. "International Comparative Evidence on Global Value Chains," OECD Science, Technology and Industry Working Papers 2012/3, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:stiaaa:2012/3-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5k9bb2vcwv5j-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Vrh, Nataša, 2015. "Pay-off to Participation in Global Value Chains: How Much are New EU Member States Lagging behind the Rest of EU Countries in Terms of Domestic Value Added in Exports?," MPRA Paper 67805, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    2. Y. M. Kukushkina, 0. "Interrelation of regional integration of global value chains," International Trade and Trade Policy, ФГБОУ ВО "Ð Ð¾Ñ Ñ Ð¸Ð¹Ñ ÐºÐ¸Ð¹ Ñ ÐºÐ¾Ð½Ð¾Ð¼Ð¸Ñ‡ÐµÑ ÐºÐ¸Ð¹ ÑƒÐ½Ð¸Ð²ÐµÑ€Ñ Ð¸Ñ‚ÐµÑ‚ им. Г.Ð’. Плеханова", issue 4.
    3. Dario Guarascio & Mario Pianta & Francesco Bogliacino, 2017. "Export, R&D and New Products: A Model and a Test on European Industries," Economic Complexity and Evolution, in: Andreas Pyka & Uwe Cantner (ed.), Foundations of Economic Change, pages 393-432, Springer.
    4. Hadrien Camatte & Guillaume Daudin & Violaine Faubert & Antoine Lalliard & Christine Rifflart, 2021. "Global value chains and the transmission of exchange rate shocks to consumer prices," Working Papers hal-03374355, HAL.
    5. Meng, Bo & Fang, Yong & Yamano, Norihiko, 2012. "Measuring global value chains and regional economic integration : an international input-output approach," IDE Discussion Papers 362, Institute of Developing Economies, Japan External Trade Organization(JETRO).
    6. Yana Valeryevna Dyomina, 2014. "Balance of Payments of East Asian Countries: Impact of the Coordinated Monetary Policy," Spatial Economics=Prostranstvennaya Ekonomika, Economic Research Institute, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Khabarovsk, Russia), issue 1, pages 138-152.
    7. João Amador & Rita Cappariello & Robert Stehrer, 2015. "Global Value Chains: A View from the Euro Area," Asian Economic Journal, East Asian Economic Association, vol. 29(2), pages 99-120, June.
    8. Nataša Vrh, 2017. "The convergence in domestic value-added of exports in the EU," Post-Communist Economies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 29(3), pages 405-430, July.
    9. Michael Rawling, 2015. "Legislative regulation of global value chains to protect workers: A preliminary assessment," The Economic and Labour Relations Review, , vol. 26(4), pages 660-677, December.
    10. Desruelle, Paul & Stančík, Juraj, 2014. "Characterizing and comparing the evolution of the major global economies in information and communication technologies," Telecommunications Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(8), pages 812-826.
    11. Lindic, Mojca, 2015. "Global value chains and the effects of outsourcing and offshoring on firms: Evidence from matched firm-employee data," MPRA Paper 67437, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Bruno Merlevede & Bernhard Michel, 2020. "Downstream offshoring and firm‐level employment," Canadian Journal of Economics/Revue canadienne d'économique, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 53(1), pages 249-283, February.
    13. Tobias Brändle & Andreas Koch, 2015. "Offshoreability and wages. Evidence from German task data," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 42(2), pages 189-216, June.
    14. Satoru Hagino & Jiyoung Kim, 2021. "The usefulness of extended input–output tables incorporating firm heterogeneity," Journal of Economic Structures, Springer;Pan-Pacific Association of Input-Output Studies (PAPAIOS), vol. 10(1), pages 1-28, December.
    15. Francesca Barbiero & Michael Blanga-Gubbay & Valeria Cipollone & Koen De Backer & Sébastien Miroudot & Alexandros Ragoussis & André Sapir & Reinhilde Veugelers & Erkki Vihriälä & Guntram B. Wolff & Ge, . "Manufacturing Europe’s future," Blueprints, Bruegel, number 795.
    16. N. M. Keino & Ð . N. Sasinovich, 2021. "Economic Integration Within the Concept of Sustainable Development," Digital Transformation, Educational Establishment “Belarusian State University of Informatics and Radioelectronicsâ€, issue 2.
    17. Michel, Bernhard, 2013. "Does offshoring contribute to reducing domestic air emissions? Evidence from Belgian manufacturing," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 73-82.

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