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Made to Measure: Options for Emissions Accounting under the UNFCCC

Author

Listed:
  • Andrew Prag

    (OECD)

  • Christina Hood

    (International Energy Agency)

  • Pedro Martins Barata

    (Get2C)

Abstract

Mitigation pledges put forward by countries under the UNFCCC process are "made to measure" in that they are tailored to fit each country's individual circumstances. However, the pledges also need to be made to be measured so that we have a full understanding of how the various commitments add up to an aggregate global mitigation effort. The Kyoto Protocol provides the only existing international emissions accounting framework, but it applies only to developed countries with specific commitments. This paper assesses what would be required, in addition to existing reporting requirements, to build a robust emissions accounting framework under the UNFCCC applicable to a broad range of Parties. The paper first identifies necessary building blocks for an emissions accounting framework and assesses progress made in agreeing international reporting processes. It then looks in detail at the two most challenging areas for emissions accounting. The first area is accounting for flows of tradable units from market-based mechanisms, including international flows between linked domestic trading systems as well as from offset crediting mechanisms. The second area is accounting for emissions and removals from the forestry and land-use sectors, which have characteristics that make emissions accounting challenging: the need to distinguish anthropogenic emissions from natural variations, to deal with long time-frames and to measure sinks as well as sources of emissions. Finally, options are presented for how these issues might be taken forward in the negotiations, and how negotiators can build on recent progress made on reporting formats. Options sur mesure pour comptabiliser les émissions dans le cadre de la CCNUCC Établis « sur mesure » en ce sens qu’ils sont adaptés à la situation particulière de chaque pays, les engagements de réduction des émissions pris dans le cadre du processus de la CCNUCC doivent aussi se prêter à la mesure, pour permettre de comprendre pleinement les différents engagements qui concourent à l’effort mondial global de réduction des émissions. Le seul cadre international de comptabilisation des émissions qui existe est celui du Protocole de Kyoto, mais il vaut uniquement pour les pays développés ayant pris des engagements spécifiques. Ce document se propose d’évaluer quels éléments seraient nécessaires, en plus des obligations de notification existantes, pour constituer un cadre de comptabilisation des émissions solide et applicable à un large éventail de Parties dans le contexte de la CCNUCC. Il commence par mettre en évidence les éléments de base nécessaires à un cadre de comptabilisation des émissions et analyse les progrès intervenus dans la définition de processus de notification internationaux. Ensuite, les deux aspects les plus délicats de la comptabilisation des émissions sont examinés en détail. Le premier est la comptabilisation des flux d’unités négociables issues des mécanismes fondés sur le jeu du marché, dont les flux internationaux entre systèmes d’échange nationaux couplés et les unités provenant de systèmes de crédits de compensation. Le second est la comptabilisation des émissions et des absorptions des secteurs de la foresterie et de l’utilisation des terres, dont les caractéristiques imposent de distinguer les émissions anthropiques des variations naturelles, de prendre en compte des horizons temporels longs et de mesurer les puits en plus des sources d’émission. Pour finir, le document présente des solutions envisageables pour faire avancer les négociations sur ces questions et permettre aux négociateurs de s’appuyer sur les progrès intervenus récemment dans le domaine des cadres de présentation.

Suggested Citation

  • Andrew Prag & Christina Hood & Pedro Martins Barata, 2013. "Made to Measure: Options for Emissions Accounting under the UNFCCC," OECD/IEA Climate Change Expert Group Papers 2013/1, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:envaab:2013/1-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jzbb2tp8ptg-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Bodansky, Daniel M. & Hoedl, Seth A. & Metcalf, Gilbert E. & Stavins, Robert N., "undated". "Facilitating Linkage of Heterogeneous Regional, National, and Sub-National Climate Policies Through a Future International Agreement," Climate Change and Sustainable Development 202114, Fondazione Eni Enrico Mattei (FEEM).
    2. Diniz Oliveira, Thais & Costa Gurgel, Angelo & Tonry, Steve, 2019. "International market mechanisms under the Paris Agreement: A cooperation between Brazil and Europe," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 397-409.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    changement climatique; climate change; comptabilisation des émissions; emissions accounting; forestry; land-use change; market-based mechanisms; modification de l’affectation des sols; mécanismes de marché; sylviculture; UNFCCC; UNFCCC;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q23 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Forestry
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming
    • Q56 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environment and Development; Environment and Trade; Sustainability; Environmental Accounts and Accounting; Environmental Equity; Population Growth
    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy

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