Author
Abstract
As part of a wider project on mental health in OECD countries, a series of descriptive profiles have been prepared, intended to provide descriptive, easily comprehensible, highly informative accounts of the mental health systems of OECD countries. These profiles, entitled ‘Mental Health Analysis Profiles’ (MHAPs), will be able to inform discussion and reflection and provide an introduction to and a synthesised account of mental health in a given country. Each MHAP follows the same template, and whilst the MHAPs are stand-alone profiles, loose cross-country comparison using the MHAPs is possible and encouraged. The recent history of mental health in Italy has been one of de-institutionalisation. The significant overhaul undertaken with regards to mental health over the last years is an example of this process: as it moved away from the century-long tradition of restrictive mental health asylums (manicomi) from the late 1970s with the recent process of closures of judicial psychiatric hospitals (Ospedali Psichiatrici Giudiziari – OPG), Italy progressively managed to integrate mental health services within community-based facilities. Focus was no longer on security and on isolating citizens suffering from mental disorders, but rather on patients’ needs and moving towards social integration and rehabilitation. Lancée dans le cadre d’un projet plus vaste consacré à la santé mentale dans les pays de l'OCDE, la série de profils « Santé mentale : profils d’analyse » (Mental Health Analysis Profiles - MHAP) vise à décrire de manière simple et détaillée les systèmes de santé mentale des pays de l'OCDE. Ces profils, qui étayeront les examens et les réflexions qui seront menés, feront le point sur la situation d’un pays donné dans le domaine de la santé mentale. Les profils MHAP sont indépendants les uns des autres mais suivent le même modèle : il est donc possible, et recommandé, de les utiliser pour procéder à des comparaisons entre pays. L'histoire récente de la santé mentale en Italie a été marquée par la désinstitutionalisation, comme en témoignent les réformes importantes entreprises au cours des dernières années : en abandonnant peu à peu le placement traditionnel en hôpital psychiatrique (manicomi) à partir de la fin des années 1970 et en procédant depuis peu à la fermeture des hôpitaux psychiatriques judiciaires (Ospedali Psichiatrici Giudiziari - OPG), l'Italie est parvenue progressivement à intégrer des services de santé mentale dans les services de proximité. La priorité n’est plus accordée à la sécurité et à l'isolement des patients souffrant de troubles mentaux, mais plutôt aux besoins des patients, à leur insertion sociale et à leur réadaptation.
Suggested Citation
Alessia Forti, 2014.
"Mental Health Analysis Profiles (MhAPs): Italy,"
OECD Health Working Papers
71, OECD Publishing.
Handle:
RePEc:oec:elsaad:71-en
DOI: 10.1787/5jz15922hmd4-en
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