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Socio-Economic Differences in Mortality: Implications for Pensions Policy

Author

Listed:
  • Edward Whitehouse

    (OECD)

  • Asghar Zaidi

    (OECD)

Abstract

The analyses included in the report show that there are big socio-economic differences in mortality, especially for men, and they appear to have become bigger over time. The report discusses implications of mortality differentials for five major areas of pension policy: the progressivity of the pension system, the pension eligibility age, the retirement incentives, future pension expenditures and private pensions. The empirical work shows that the mortality differentials reduce progressivity in pension systems. Moreover, there is empirical evidence that raising retirement age is not more unfair to socio-economic groups with lower life expectancy. Les analyses présentées ici montrent qu’il existe de fortes différences socioéconomiques en termes de mortalité, surtout chez les hommes, et qu’elles se sont apparemment accentuées au fil du temps. Ce document examine les conséquences des écarts de mortalité pour cinq grands aspects de la politique de retraite : la progressivité du système de retraite, l’âge d’ouverture des droits à pension, les incitations à la retraite, les dépenses de retraite futures et les pensions privées. Les travaux empiriques font apparaître que les écarts de mortalité réduisent la progressivité des régimes de retraite. De plus, des données d’observation montrent que le relèvement de l’âge de la retraite n’est pas plus pénalisant pour les catégories socioéconomiques ayant une espérance de vie plus courte.

Suggested Citation

  • Edward Whitehouse & Asghar Zaidi, 2008. "Socio-Economic Differences in Mortality: Implications for Pensions Policy," OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers 71, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:elsaab:71-en
    DOI: 10.1787/231747416062
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Andras Simonovits, 2018. "The best indexation of public pensions: the point system," CERS-IE WORKING PAPERS 1815, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    2. Culotta, Fabrizio & Alaimo, Leonardo Salvatore & Bravo, Jorge Miguel & di Bella, Enrico & Gandullia, Luca, 2022. "Total-employed longevity gap, pension fairness and public finance: Evidence from one of the oldest regions in EU," Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 82(PA).
    3. repec:dau:papers:123456789/8577 is not listed on IDEAS
    4. Holzmann, Robert & Alonso-García, Jennifer & Labit-Hardy, Heloise & Villegas, Andres M., 2017. "NDC Schemes and Heterogeneity in Longevity: Proposals for Redesign," IZA Discussion Papers 11193, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    5. Adriaan Kalwij, 2014. "An empirical analysis of the importance of controlling for unobserved heterogeneity when estimating the income-mortality gradient," Demographic Research, Max Planck Institute for Demographic Research, Rostock, Germany, vol. 31(30), pages 913-940.
    6. Andras Simonovits, 2020. "Indexing public pensions in progress to wages or prices," CERS-IE WORKING PAPERS 2015, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    7. Adriaan Kalwij & Rob Alessie & Marike Knoef, 2013. "The Association Between Individual Income and Remaining Life Expectancy at the Age of 65 in the Netherlands," Demography, Springer;Population Association of America (PAA), vol. 50(1), pages 181-206, February.
    8. Andras Simonovits, 2018. "Designing pension benefits when longevities increase with wages," CERS-IE WORKING PAPERS 1804, Institute of Economics, Centre for Economic and Regional Studies.
    9. Fabrizio Culotta, 2021. "Life Expectancy Heterogeneity and Pension Fairness: An Italian North-South Divide," Risks, MDPI, vol. 9(3), pages 1-22, March.
    10. Beáta Gavurová & Tatiana Vagašová, 2016. "Regional differences of standardised mortality rates for ischemic heart diseases in the Slovak Republic for the period 1996–2013 in the context of income inequality," Health Economics Review, Springer, vol. 6(1), pages 1-12, December.
    11. Bérangère LEGENDRE, 2010. "Income Distribution among Retirees: a "Pro Poor" Income Growth?," LEO Working Papers / DR LEO 760, Orleans Economics Laboratory / Laboratoire d'Economie d'Orleans (LEO), University of Orleans.
    12. Simonovits, András, 2018. "Hogyan tervezzük a nyugdíjjáradék-függvényt, ha a halandóság a kereset csökkenő függvénye? [Designing pension-benefit schedules when longevities increase with wages]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(7), pages 831-846.
    13. Pierre Devolder & Inmaculada Domínguez-Fabián, 2020. "Thinking in Vertical: A Practical Application of the Two-Stage Pension System in Spain," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(23), pages 1-18, November.
    14. Hippolyte d'Albis & Loesse Jacques Esso & Héctor Pifarré I Arolas, 2012. "Mortality Convergence Across High-Income Countries : An Econometric Approach," Université Paris1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (Post-Print and Working Papers) halshs-00755682, HAL.
    15. Ayuso, Mercedes & Bravo, Jorge Miguel & Holzmann, Robert, 2016. "Addressing Longevity Heterogeneity in Pension Scheme Design and Reform," IZA Discussion Papers 10378, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    16. Patrick Aubert & Cindy Duc & Bruno Ducoudré, 2013. "French Retirement Reforms and Intragenerational Equity in Retirement Duration," De Economist, Springer, vol. 161(3), pages 277-305, September.

    More about this item

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • I1 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Health
    • J14 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination

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