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Monetary Policy Responses to the Crisis and Exit Strategies

Author

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  • Makoto Minegishi

    (OECD)

  • Boris Cournède

    (OECD)

Abstract

Central banks have responded with exceptional vigour to the crisis by using their traditional interest-rate tools to their limits and deploying a wide range of unconventional measures. This paper documents these responses in a systematic way, reviews the evidence about their impact, and discusses the need to exit from these measures. Unconventional monetary policy measures appear to have been broadly successful in terms of improving conditions in financial markets and stabilising the real economy. In line with the improvement in functioning of financial markets, however, these unconventional measures should be gradually removed. Given the considerable changes in the size and composition of central banks' balance sheets, the exit will likely involve the combination of various tools. More challenging questions surround the decisions of when and how fast the current exceptional amount of stimulus should be reduced and then eliminated. A particularly important goal will be to preserve the hard-won anchoring of inflation expectations and dissipate any hypothetical fears that central banks? greater risk exposure and purchases of bonds issued or backed by governments might have reduced their independence regarding monetary policy decisions. Réponses de la politique monétaire à la crise et stratégies de sortie Les banques centrales ont répondu avec une vigueur exceptionnelle à la crise en poussant leurs instruments traditionnels de taux d'intérêt jusqu'à leurs limites et en déployant une vaste gamme de mesures non conventionnelles. La présente étude fournit une description systématique de ces mesures, fait le bilan des éléments disponibles permettant d'apprécier leur efficacité et examine le besoin de mettre progressivement fin à ces dispositifs. Dans l'ensemble, les mesures de politique monétaire non conventionnelle semblent avoir été couronnées de succès en contribuant à l'amélioration des conditions financières et à la stabilisation de l'économie réelle. Toutefois, au fur et à mesure que les marchés financiers retrouvent un fonctionnement plus normal, ces mesures non conventionnelles devront être retirées. Étant donné l'ampleur des changements qui ont affecté la taille et la composition du bilan des banques centrales, les stratégies de sortie devront nécessairement s'appuyer sur un large éventail d'instruments. Des questions plus délicates encore se poseront lorsqu'il s'agira de décider du calendrier et du rythme selon lesquels l'exceptionnel stimulus monétaire actuel devra être réduit puis éliminé. À cet égard, il sera crucial de préserver l'ancrage, durement acquis, des anticipations d'inflation et d'éviter une situation hypothétique dans laquelle le public craindrait que la plus grande exposition au risque des banques centrales tout comme leurs acquisitions de titres de dette publique ou quasi-publique puissent avoir réduit leur indépendance dans la conduite de la politique monétaire.

Suggested Citation

  • Makoto Minegishi & Boris Cournède, 2010. "Monetary Policy Responses to the Crisis and Exit Strategies," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 753, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:753-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5kml6xm7qgs6-en
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    2. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/6ggbvnr6munghes9ob627a1r2 is not listed on IDEAS
    3. Céline Antonin & Christophe Blot & Paul Hubert & Fabien Labondance & Catherine Mathieu & Christine Rifflart & Vincent Touzé, 2013. "Politiques monétaires : est-ce le début de la fin ?," Post-Print hal-01072109, HAL.
    4. Judit Krekó & Csaba Balogh & Kristóf Lehmann & Róbert Mátrai & György Pulai & Balázs Vonnák, 2013. "International experiences and domestic opportunities of applying unconventional monetary policy tools," MNB Occasional Papers 2013/100, Magyar Nemzeti Bank (Central Bank of Hungary).
    5. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/6ggbvnr6munghes9ob627a1r2 is not listed on IDEAS
    6. Ponomarenko, Alexey A. & Vlasov, Sergey A., 2010. "Russian fiscal policy during the financial crisis," BOFIT Discussion Papers 12/2010, Bank of Finland, Institute for Economies in Transition.
    7. Dreger, Christian & Wolters, Jürgen, 2014. "Money demand and the role of monetary indicators in forecasting euro area inflation," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 303-312.
    8. repec:hal:wpspec:info:hdl:2441/6ggbvnr6munghes9oasij6sc6 is not listed on IDEAS
    9. Teodora Cristina Barbu & Iustina Boitan, 2012. "Central Banks' Response to the Current Financial Crisis Between Costs and Benefits," International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, Econjournals, vol. 2(1), pages 12-20.
    10. repec:hal:spmain:info:hdl:2441/6ggbvnr6munghes9oasij6sc6 is not listed on IDEAS
    11. Ponomarenko, Alexey A. & Vlasov, Sergey A., 2010. "Russian fiscal policy during the financial crisis," BOFIT Discussion Papers 12/2010, Bank of Finland Institute for Emerging Economies (BOFIT).
    12. Kiss, Gábor Dávid & Kovács, György & Varga, János Zoltán, 2016. "Várakozások és a monetáris politika - különös tekintettel a magyarországi gyakorlatra [Expectations and monetary policy, with special attention to practice in Hungary]," Közgazdasági Szemle (Economic Review - monthly of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences), Közgazdasági Szemle Alapítvány (Economic Review Foundation), vol. 0(11), pages 1192-1216.
    13. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/6ggbvnr6munghes9ob627a1r2 is not listed on IDEAS
    14. repec:spo:wpmain:info:hdl:2441/6ggbvnr6munghes9oasij6sc6 is not listed on IDEAS
    15. repec:spo:wpecon:info:hdl:2441/6ggbvnr6munghes9oasij6sc6 is not listed on IDEAS
    16. repec:zbw:bofitp:2010_012 is not listed on IDEAS
    17. Fritz Breuss, 2009. "Finanzmarktkrise als Phänomen des Überschießens auf den Aktienmärkten. Eine theoretische Analyse," WIFO Monatsberichte (monthly reports), WIFO, vol. 82(12), pages 933-941, December.
    18. Fritz Breuss, 2011. "Global financial crisis as a phenomenon of stock market overshooting," Empirica, Springer;Austrian Institute for Economic Research;Austrian Economic Association, vol. 38(1), pages 131-152, February.
    19. Dermot Hodson, 2010. "The EU Economy: The Euro Area in 2009," Journal of Common Market Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(s1), pages 225-242, September.
    20. Mundle, Sudipto & M.Govinda Rao & Bhanumurthy, N.R., 2011. "Stimulus, Recovery and Exit Policy G20 Experience and Indian Strategy," Working Papers 11/85, National Institute of Public Finance and Policy.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    crise financière; exit strategies; financial crisis; mesures non conventionnelles; monetary policy; politique monétaire; stratégies de sortie; unconventional policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation
    • E42 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Monetary Sytsems; Standards; Regimes; Government and the Monetary System
    • E44 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Financial Markets and the Macroeconomy
    • E50 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - General
    • E51 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Money Supply; Credit; Money Multipliers
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies

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