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Unleashing private sector productivity in the United States

Author

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  • Jonathan Millar

    (OECD)

  • Douglas Sutherland

    (OECD)

Abstract

Productivity growth has been sluggish since the Great Recession and had been slowing before it. This slowdown has touched nearly every industry. Although part the slowdown may be related to weakness of investment related to the slow recovery of aggregate demand, structural issues also appear to be playing a role, including persistent declines in business dynamism (market entry and exit of firms) and signs of diminishing competitive pressures. Historically, young productive firms have been an important source of productivity growth, but start-up rates have been slowing for some time and have been especially low in the aftermath of the crisis, and failure rates of new firms have risen. This diminished dynamism appears to be associated with other trends such as population ageing, funding difficulties, reforms in 2005 to the personal bankruptcy code that made debt discharge more difficult, intellectual property rights that favour some established companies, the spread of state-level occupational licensing requirements, as well as zoning and land use restrictions that inhibit resources from flowing to their most productive use. There are also signs that market power is gradually intensifying on balance, restraining competitive forces that would otherwise translate productivity gains into broad-based improvements in household purchasing power. Stimuler la productivité du secteur privé aux États Unis La croissance de la productivité est très faible depuis la Grande Récession et elle avait déjà commencé à ralentir auparavant. Tous les secteurs ou presque sont concernés. Si ce ralentissement peut s’expliquer en partie par la faiblesse de l’investissement liée à la fragile reprise de la demande globale, des problèmes structurels semblent également être en cause, notamment le manque de dynamisme persistant de l’appareil productif (entrées et sorties d’entreprises) et une apparente réduction de la pression concurrentielle. Dans le passé, la naissance de nouvelles entreprises performantes a toujours été une source importante de gains de productivité, mais depuis un certain temps, les taux de création d’entreprises ralentissent et ils étaient tombés à des niveaux particulièrement bas au lendemain de la crise. Cette perte de dynamisme semble être associée à d’autres phénomènes comme le vieillissement de la population, des difficultés de financement, la réforme du code de la faillite personnelle en 2005 qui a rendu plus difficile la liquidation des dettes, des droits de propriété intellectuelle qui favorisent les entreprises établies, une multiplicité de réglementations des activités professionnelles au niveau des États et des restrictions en matière d’urbanisme et d’occupation des sols qui empêchent les ressources de se diriger vers les emplois les plus productifs. Certains signes indiquent aussi que le pouvoir de marché est en train de se renforcer de façon générale, empêchant ainsi la concurrence de faire en sorte que l’amélioration de la productivité se traduise par des gains de pouvoir d’achat pour l’ensemble des ménages.

Suggested Citation

  • Jonathan Millar & Douglas Sutherland, 2016. "Unleashing private sector productivity in the United States," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1328, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1328-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5jlpq7zk4j30-en
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    Cited by:

    1. Balázs Égert, 2021. "Investment in OECD Countries: a Primer," Comparative Economic Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Association for Comparative Economic Studies, vol. 63(2), pages 200-223, June.

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    Keywords

    antitrust; innovation; investment; productivity;
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