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Reforming the pension system to increase coverage and equity in Colombia

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  • Christine de la Maisonneuve

    (OECD)

Abstract

Colombia is one of the most unequal countries in Latin America. The high level of informality in the labour market and many characteristics of the pension system leave many elderly in poverty. Only formal-sector employees earning more than the relatively high minimum wage are covered. Linking benefits to at least the minimum wage makes the system costly and reduces the provision of annuities by insurance companies as it is difficult to insure against changes in the minimum wage. The Government has recently introduced a matching-contribution scheme (BEPS) for informal workers and vulnerable retiring aged people who have not contributed enough to be entitled to a pension. Moreover, the coverage of the old-age minimum income support has been extended but at the cost of lowering the already modest benefits. More reforms in the pension system are needed to extend coverage while eligibility to the BEPS and the minimum income support should be expanded to guarantee old-age income for more Colombians. In the medium term an in-depth pension reform is required. This Working Paper relates to the 2014 OECD Economic Survey of Colombia. (www.oecd.org/eco/surveys/economic-survey-colombia.htm) Réformer le système de retraite colombien pour en augmenter la couverture et l'équité La Colombie est l'un des pays les plus inégalitaires d'Amérique latine. Le caractère très informel du marché du travail, ajouté à de multiples particularités du système de retraite, laisse bon nombre de personnes âgées dans la pauvreté. Ce dernier, en effet, ne couvre que les employés du secteur formel qui gagnent plus que le salaire minimum, relativement élevé. Le montant des prestations doit s’aligner au moins sur le salaire minimum ce qui rend le système coûteux et réduit le volume des rentes payées par les compagnies d'assurance car il est difficile d’assurer une protection contre les variations du salaire minimum. Le gouvernement a récemment mis en place un régime contributif d’épargne-retraite abondé par l’État (BEPS), destiné aux travailleurs du secteur informel et aux personnes vulnérables prenant leur retraite et n’ayant pas suffisamment cotisé pour avoir droit à une pension. La couverture du revenu minimum vieillesse a été étendue, mais au prix d'une réduction de cette prestation, déjà modeste. De nouvelles réformes du régime de retraite sont nécessaires pour en étendre la couverture, mais il convient également d’élargir les critères d'admissibilité au BEPS et aux prestations du revenu minimum pour garantir un revenu à un plus grand nombre de personnes âgées en Colombie. À moyen terme, une réforme approfondie des retraites va s’imposer. Ce document de travail se rapporte à l’Étude économique 2014 de l’OCDE sur la Colombie. (www.oecd.org/fr/eco/etudes/etude-economique-colombie.htm).

Suggested Citation

  • Christine de la Maisonneuve, 2015. "Reforming the pension system to increase coverage and equity in Colombia," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1235, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1235-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5js0cqrr97s4-en
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    Keywords

    Couverture; coverage; elderly poverty; inequality; inégalité; minimum income support; minimum wage; pauvreté des personnes âgées; pension system; retirement age; revenu minimum; salaire minimum; système de retraite; âge du départ en retraite;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H55 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Social Security and Public Pensions
    • I30 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Welfare, Well-Being, and Poverty - - - General
    • J14 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of the Elderly; Economics of the Handicapped; Non-Labor Market Discrimination
    • J26 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Retirement; Retirement Policies
    • J32 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Nonwage Labor Costs and Benefits; Retirement Plans; Private Pensions

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