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Determinants of Tertiary Graduations

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  • Henrik Braconier

    (OECD)

Abstract

This paper proposes and estimates a model of demand for and supply of graduations in tertiary education, which is then used to construct forward-looking scenarios for graduation rates by country. Consistent with evidence that economic returns to education have remained high in spite of rising educational attainment levels, the paper accords a great deal of attention to developments in gross earnings at various levels of the earnings distribution, though other factors are also accounted for. The analysis shows that demand for tertiary graduations increases in per capita incomes, wage differentials between high and medium earners, and PISA scores. Supply of graduations increases in tuitions and (to a lesser extent) government funding, but also in the share of students enrolled in private institutions and PISA scores. Based on the OECD 50-year scenarios for per capita incomes and earning inequalities (Braconier et al., 2014), the estimated model is used to generate future scenarios of demand for tertiary education, pointing to increases between 30 and 60 per cent across OECD countries over the coming 50 years. Such large increases in demand would put pressure on the supply, either requiring substantial additional government spending or a major shift towards tuition funding across OECD countries. Les déterminants des diplômes universitaires Cette étude propose et estime un modèle de la demande et de l’offre de diplômes de l’enseignement supérieur, qui est ensuite utilisé pour établir des scénarios de long terme pour les taux d’obtention de diplômes pays par pays. Puisque l’évidence empirique suggère que les rendements de l’éducation universitaire sont restés élevés malgré l’augmentation du niveau moyen d’éducation obtenue, l’étude accorde une place importante à ces taux de rendement dans la détermination de l’offre et de la demande de diplômes, même si d’autres facteurs sont aussi inclus dans l’analyse. L’étude montre que la demande de diplômes universitaires augmente avec le revenu moyen, les écarts entre les hauts et les moyens salaires et les résultats des tests PISA. L’offre de diplômes augmente avec le niveau des frais d’inscription à l’université et (dans une moindre mesure) les financements publics ainsi qu’avec la part des étudiants inscrits dans des institutions universitaires privées et les résultats des tests PISA. Sur la base des scénarios de l’OCDE pour l’évolution des revenus moyens et des écarts de salaire au cours des prochains 50 ans (Braconier et al., 2014), le modèle estimé est utilisé pour engendrer des scénarios correspondants pour la demande de diplômes universitaires. Ces scénarios suggèrent que cette demande pourrait être en moyenne dans l’OCDE entre 30 et 50 pour cent plus élevée à terme que les niveaux actuels. Ces importantes augmentations de la demande mettraient une forte pression sur l’offre, qui ne pourrait augmenter de façon semblable qu’à condition d’accroître soit la dépense publique pour l’éducation supérieure soit les droits d’inscription à l’université.

Suggested Citation

  • Henrik Braconier, 2015. "Determinants of Tertiary Graduations," OECD Economics Department Working Papers 1138, OECD Publishing.
  • Handle: RePEc:oec:ecoaaa:1138-en
    DOI: 10.1787/5js4hmvns9hh-en
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    education; models with panel data; modèle avec données de panel; rate of return; taux de rendement; éducation;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H52 - Public Economics - - National Government Expenditures and Related Policies - - - Government Expenditures and Education
    • I2 - Health, Education, and Welfare - - Education
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity

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